{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:54:33Z","timestamp":1793714073026,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Korean Society of Community Nutrition","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23192\uc601\uc591\uc548063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23192\uc601\uc591\uc548063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["kjcn.or.kr"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Korean J Community Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study evaluated the nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P) and analyzed the impact of key factors, such as caregivers\u2019 food literacy, social support, and food environment, on the eating habits of preschool children in Korea. This study also sought to provide foundational data for developing tailored nutrition education programs by identifying the nutrition education needs of caregivers.Methods: This study was conducted among caregivers of preschool children (aged 0\u20136 years) using an online self-administered survey conducted from August 22 to August 28, 2023. A total of 1,116 survey responses were analyzed. This study assessed children\u2019s NQ-P score, caregivers\u2019 food literacy, social support, food environment, and nutritional education needs. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0 (IBM Co.).Results: The average NQ-P score for preschool children was 52, showing a tendency for the balance score to decrease and the moderation score to increase with age. Children from rural and low-income areas exhibited significantly lower NQ-P scores. Caregivers\u2019 food literacy was higher in urban and higher-income groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that social support, food literacy, income, and food environment significantly affected children's NQ-P scores. The effectiveness of nutrition education varied based on the income level, with nutrition education on healthy eating being the most preferred topic for preschool children.Conclusion: This study confirmed that caregivers\u2019 food literacy and social support significantly affected preschool children\u2019s nutritional status. This suggests a need for tailored nutritional education and dietary support policies, particularly for low-income and rural populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5720\/kjcn.2024.00311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T06:54:18Z","timestamp":1741157658000},"page":"16-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5720\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nutrition quotient for preschoolers and key impacting factors in Korea: a cross-sectional study on food literacy, social support, and the food environment of primary caregivers"],"prefix":"10.5720","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9414-5197","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Danbi","family":"Gwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4003-1293","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji-Yun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4152-8306","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jieun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3694","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"659","volume-title":"Study of eating behavior and food preference in young children: differences by age and gender","author":"Seo","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21213\/kjcec.2017.17.4.91"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4163\/jnh.2018.51.4.330"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4163\/jnh.2019.52.6.604"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4163\/jnh.2020.53.6.596"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Korean children, changes in leisure time use and lifestyle habits before and after COVID-19 [Internet]","author":"Kim","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4163\/jnh.2019.52.2.194"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499145"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"123","volume-title":"A study on the correlation of social support perceived and self-esteem of children","author":"Lee","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"67","volume-title":"The perception of parents on the eating habits and nutritional education of their elementary school children","author":"Jung","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Needs assessment: nutrition education &amp; training program for day care children","author":"Yang","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"276","volume-title":"Mothers\u2019 perceptions on nutrition education for elementary school students in the Busan area I: a demographical factor approach","author":"Kim","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"A study on the recognition body image and dietary self-efficacy and needs of nutrition education of middle school students by body mass index in Seoul","author":"Lee","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5720\/kjcn.2016.21.2.152"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"62","volume-title":"Study on the Correlation between the dietary habits of mothers and their preschoolers and the mother's need for nutritional education for preschoolers","author":"Pyun","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17495\/easdl.2015.2.25.1.20"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2018.61.5.135"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4163\/jnh.2016.49.5.378"},{"key":"ref21","volume-title":"","author":"Kim","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113300"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2022.16.2.272"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094979"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-9-36"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5720\/kjcn.2020.25.2.137"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"A study on satisfaction and needs of nutrition education in elementary school students of Ulsan area","author":"Yun","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4163\/kjn.2011.44.5.416"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9724\/kfcs.2016.32.1.84"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08881-5"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02601060211001489"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4163\/jnh.2023.56.3.264"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"1631","volume-title":"Understanding the rural food environment--perspectives of low-income parents","author":"Yousefian","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref34","volume-title":"The effects of the food accessibility on fresh food intake and body mass index","author":"Moon","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"143","volume-title":"A case study on effects of Nutrition-Plus Program - based on infants and children under age 6 and their mothers in Naju region-","author":"Kim","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9799\/ksfan.2015.28.4.717"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4163\/jnh.2018.51.3.242"}],"container-title":["Korean Journal of Community Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/kjcn.or.kr\/upload\/pdf\/kjcn-2024-00311.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/kjcn.or.kr\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5720\/kjcn.2024.00311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/kjcn.or.kr\/upload\/pdf\/kjcn-2024-00311.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T06:54:33Z","timestamp":1741157673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/kjcn.or.kr\/journal\/view.php?doi=10.5720\/kjcn.2024.00311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5720\/kjcn.2024.00311","relation":{},"ISSN":["2951-3146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2951-3146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Print publication","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}