{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:20:17Z","timestamp":1788315617595,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Becaris Publishing Limited","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Comp. Eff. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal dysbiosis associated with adverse clinical sequelae, most notably, increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of BV recurrence, treatment patterns, other gynecological (GYN) conditions, and the associated healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs among commercially insured patients in the USA.\n                    <jats:bold>Patients &amp; methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Female patients aged 12\u201349\u00a0years with an incident vaginitis diagnosis and \u22651 pharmacy claim for a BV medication (fungal treatment only excluded) were selected from the Merative\u2122 MarketScan commercial database (2017\u20132020). During a minimum 12-month follow-up, additional treatment courses, treatment patterns, frequency of other GYN conditions, and HCRU and costs were assessed. Generalized linear models were used to identify baseline predictors of total all-cause healthcare costs and number of treatment courses.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study population included 140,826 patients (mean age: 31.5\u00a0years) with an incident vaginitis diagnosis and \u22651 BV medication claim. During the follow-up, 64.2% had 1 treatment course, 22.0% had 2, 8.1% had 3, and 5.8% had \u22654; 35.8% had a BV recurrence (\u22652 BV medication claims). The most commonly prescribed BV medication was oral metronidazole (73.6%). Approximately 12% (n\u00a0=\u00a016,619) of patients had a new diagnosis of another GYN condition in the follow-up; 8.2% had a new STI, which were more common among patients with \u22654 treatment courses (12.9%). During follow-up, total all-cause healthcare costs averaged $8987 per patient per year (PPPY) of which $470 was BV-related. BV-related healthcare costs increased from $403 PPPY among those with 1 treatment course to $806 PPPY among those with \u22654 with nearly half the costs attributed to outpatient office visits.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    BV recurrence among this population represented a substantial clinical and healthcare economic burden warranting improvements in women's healthcare.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.57264\/cer-2023-0079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T06:34:05Z","timestamp":1702622045000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Treatment patterns and economic burden of bacterial vaginosis among commercially insured women in the USA"],"prefix":"10.57264","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eren","family":"Watkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organon, 30 Hudson Street, Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifton M","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Actu-real, 221 Roswell Street, Suite 150 Alpharetta, GA 30009, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Lingohr-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novosys Health, 288 Route 22 West, Suite G-H, Green Book, NJ 08812, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6376-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novosys Health, 288 Route 22 West, Suite G-H, Green Book, NJ 08812, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candice","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organon, 30 Hudson Street, Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Tangirala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organon, 30 Hudson Street, Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organon, 30 Hudson Street, Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organon, 30 Hudson Street, Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Women's Care, 7350 Van Dusen Road, Laurel, MD 20707, USA"},{"name":"Holy Cross Hospital, 1500 Forest Glen Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, 303 George Street #629, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"36897","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_10_3_2","first-page":"439","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis: a public health review","volume":"108","author":"Morris M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Morris M, Nicoll A, Simms I, Wilson J, Catchpole M. Bacterial vaginosis: a public health review. BJOG 108(5), 439\u2013450 (2001).","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S144","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac021","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of bacterial vaginosis: summary of evidence reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines","volume":"74","author":"Muzny CA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muzny CA, Balkus J, Mitchell C Diagnosis and management of bacterial vaginosis: summary of evidence reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines. Clin. Infect. Dis. 74(Suppl. 2), S144\u2013S151 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_10_5_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"Vaginitis: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"97","author":"Paladine HL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paladine HL, Desai U. Vaginitis: diagnosis and treatment. Am. Fam. Physician 97(5), 321\u2013329 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000247627.84791.91","article-title":"Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis: 2001\u20132004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data","volume":"109","author":"Allsworth JE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allsworth JE, Peipert JF. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis: 2001\u20132004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Obstet. Gynecol. 109(1), 114\u2013120 (2007).","journal-title":"Obstet. 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(2023). www.hhs.gov\/programs\/topic-sites\/sexually-transmitted-infections\/plan-overview\/index.html"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2020.0265","article-title":"Improving the diagnosis of vulvovaginitis: perspectives to align practice, guidelines, and awareness","volume":"23","author":"Brown H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown H, Drexler M. Improving the diagnosis of vulvovaginitis: perspectives to align practice, guidelines, and awareness. Popul. Health Manag. 23(Suppl. 1), S3\u2013S12 (2020).","journal-title":"Popul. Health Manag."},{"key":"e_1_3_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S191831","article-title":"Health care utilization and costs following amplified versus non-amplified molecular probe testing for symptomatic patients with suspected vulvovaginitis: a US commercial payer population","volume":"11","author":"Ackerman SJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ackerman SJ, Knight T, Wahl PM, Cartwright CP. Health care utilization and costs following amplified versus non-amplified molecular probe testing for symptomatic patients with suspected vulvovaginitis: a US commercial payer population. Clinicoecon. Outcomes Res. 11, 179\u2013189 (2019).","journal-title":"Clinicoecon. Outcomes Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280231190701","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis treatment patterns, associated complications, and healthcare economic burden of women with Medicaid coverage in the United States","author":"Watkins E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Watkins E, Chow C, Lingohr-Smith M Bacterial vaginosis treatment patterns, associated complications, and healthcare economic burden of women with Medicaid coverage in the United States. Ann. Pharmacother. doi:10.1177\/10600280231190701 (2023) (Epub ahead of Print).","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/becarispublishing.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.57264\/cer-2023-0079","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T06:38:24Z","timestamp":1704436704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/becarispublishing.com\/doi\/10.57264\/cer-2023-0079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.57264\/cer-2023-0079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57264\/cer-2023-0079","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6305","2042-6313"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6305","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6313","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"e230079"}}