{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:49:54Z","timestamp":1780588194917,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Becaris Publishing Limited","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Comp. Eff. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To assess the predictive effect of threshold deviations for multiple liver biomarkers on negative clinical outcomes, including hepatic decompensation, liver transplantation, and death in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) using longitudinal data from a large administrative claims database.\n                    <jats:bold>Materials &amp; methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates assessed time to first occurrence of hospitalization for hepatic decompensation, liver transplantation, or death in patients with PBC in the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart\u2122 database. Separate models analyzed proportion of time outside prespecified biomarker thresholds (defined as multiples of upper limit of normal [ULN] for alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total bilirubin [TB], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]; lower limit of normal for albumin). Another model evaluated both ALP and TB with the lowest relevant threshold applied for each biomarker.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Overall, 2402 patients were included; 85.3% were female, mean age was 63.3\u00a0years, median follow-up was 2.2\u00a0years (interquartile range: 1.1\u20133.9\u00a0years). On average, patients had approximately five reported measurements for each biomarker evaluated. Each 10% increase in time outside thresholds was associated with a 6.5%, 9.2%, 9.9%, 7.3% and 23.3% increase in risk of negative outcomes for ALP, TB, AST, ALT and albumin, respectively.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In patients with PBC, values outside predefined thresholds for biomarkers including ALP, TB, AST, ALT and albumin strongly predicted negative clinical outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of managing biomarkers beyond ALP in monitoring and the treatment of patients with PBC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.57264\/cer-2024-0198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T15:00:01Z","timestamp":1763478001000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of liver biomarker values beyond current thresholds and negative clinical outcomes in primary biliary cholangitis: analysis of a real-world healthcare claims database"],"prefix":"10.57264","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Timothy E","family":"Ritter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Alliance Research, 620 E Southlake Blvd, Southlake, TX 76092, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina J","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Denver Gastroenterology, 499 E Hampden Ave #420, Englewood, CO 80113, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Medicine, Emergency Medicine, 900 Welch Road, Suite 350, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna P","family":"MacEwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genesis Research Group, 111 River St Ste 1120, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genesis Research Group, 111 River St Ste 1120, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6178-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig S","family":"Parzynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genesis Research Group, 111 River St Ste 1120, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mercer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genesis Research Group, 111 River St Ste 1120, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Ness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intercept Pharmaceuticals, 305 Madison Ave, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intercept Pharmaceuticals, 305 Madison Ave, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8553-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kris V","family":"Kowdley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Institute Northwest &amp; Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, 3216 NE 45th Place #212, Seattle, WA 98105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8179-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy","family":"Mayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intercept Pharmaceuticals, 305 Madison Ave, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"36897","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2022.06.001","article-title":"Contemporary epidemiology of primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"26","author":"Colapietro F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Colapietro F, Bertazzoni A, Lleo A. Contemporary epidemiology of primary biliary cholangitis. Clin. Liver Dis. 26(4), 555\u2013570 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. 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