{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:15:28Z","timestamp":1758845728265,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Becaris Publishing Limited","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Comp. Eff. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n            This study compares the efficacy of diroximel fumarate (DRF) with ocrelizumab (OCR) and interferon beta-1a (IFN\u03b2-1a) for treating relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) through matching-adjusted indirect comparisons (MAICs).\n            <jats:bold>Materials &amp; methods:<\/jats:bold>\n            We used individual patient data from the EVOLVE-MS-1 (NCT02634307) study, the phase III trial of DRF (n\u00a0=\u00a01057), and group-level data from the OPERA I\/II studies (NCT01247324 and NCT01412333), the 96-week, randomized, double-blind, phase III trials of OCR (n\u00a0=\u00a0827) and IFN\u03b2-1a (n\u00a0=\u00a0829). EVOLVE-MS-1 data were adjusted to match the inclusion\/exclusion criteria and baseline characteristics of OPERA I\/II participants. Comparisons were made for annualized relapse rates (ARRs), confirmed disability progression (CDP) and radiological outcomes.\n            <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n            Baseline characteristics were balanced post-adjustment. ARR comparisons at 96\u00a0weeks showed no significant difference for DRF versus OCR (0.18 vs 0.16, p\u00a0=\u00a00.347) but favored DRF over IFN\u03b2-1a (0.19 vs 0.29, p\u00a0=\u00a00.002). At 96\u00a0weeks, there were no significant differences in rates of 12-week or 24-week CDP between DRF and OCR (12\u00a0week: 6.4 vs 9.1%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.074; 24\u00a0week: 4.8 vs 6.9%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.14); both CDP outcomes favored DRF over IFN\u03b2-1a (12\u00a0week: 6.5 vs 13.6%, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001; 24\u00a0week: 4.9 vs 10.5%, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The proportion of patients with gadolinium-enhancing lesions was higher for DRF versus OCR (16.4 vs 9.1%, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) but lower for DRF versus IFN\u03b2-1a (15.7 vs 33.2%, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The proportion of patients with new\/newly enlarging T2 lesions was higher for DRF versus OCR (59.5 vs 38.7%, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), but there was no significant difference for DRF versus IFN\u03b2-1a (58.4 vs 61.7%).\n            <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n            While there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes (ARR, 12-week CDP and 24-week CDP) observed for DRF versus OCR, radiological outcomes indicated favorability for OCR. All outcomes favored DRF over IFN\u03b2-1a, except from new\/newly enlarging T2 lesions, which showed no significant difference.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.57264\/cer-2025-0061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T09:56:40Z","timestamp":1757671000000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Matching-adjusted indirect comparisons of diroximel fumarate, ocrelizumab and interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.57264","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5716-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie M","family":"Hersh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9459-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Aladro-Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2352-9113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James B","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4444-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changyu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Previously: Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2205-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Bo\u017ein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biogen, Baar, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5333-4387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaonan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"36897","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_3_2","unstructured":"Multiple Sclerosis International Federation. 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