{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:07:41Z","timestamp":1787162861798,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Becaris Publishing Limited","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Comp. Eff. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    New IDSA guidelines define uncomplicated UTI (uUTI) as infection limited to the bladder in both men and women. This study compared the effectiveness of \u03b2-lactams, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole (TMP\/SMX) to fluoroquinolones for outpatient uUTI treatment in men.\n                    <jats:bold>Materials &amp; methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A retrospective cohort of adult male outpatients diagnosed with uUTI during 2019\u20132021 in the Department of Veterans Affairs system was created. Inclusion required an Emergency Department, Urgent\/Primary Care visit with ICD-10 documentation of UTI and a prescription of interest dispensed. Patients with recent UTI, hospitalization, infectious co-diagnosis, temperature &gt;99.9\u00a0F, pyelonephritis or prostatitis, or for whom asymptomatic bacteriuria treatment was appropriate were excluded. Overlap weighting propensity scores and generalized estimating equation models assessed the relative risk of a subsequent UTI-related visit or hospitalization within 3\u201330\u00a0days with a new antibiotic dispensed.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 45,442 males (mean [SD]) age 71.6 (12.7) years were treated at 130 VA medical centers. Treatment n (%) included: \u03b2-lactams 17,655 (38.9%), nitrofurantoin 8394 (18.5%), TMP\/SMX 9709 (21.4%) and fluoroquinolones 9684 (21.3%). UTI-related return visits occurred in 5453 (12.0%) and UTI-related hospitalization occurred in 1431 (3.1%). The adjusted relative risk (aRR, [95% CI]) of a return visit compared with fluoroquinolones was higher for \u03b2-lactams (1.22, [1.02, 1.48]) and nitrofurantoin (1.47, [1.23, 1.74]) but not for TMP\/SMX (0.99, [0.80, 1.23]). The aRR for UTI-related hospitalization was not different for \u03b2-lactams (1.06, [0.80, 1.40] or TMP\/SMX [0.80, [0.56, 1.15], but was lower for nitrofurantoin [0.60, [0.41, 0.89]).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Compared with fluoroquinolones, \u03b2-lactam and nitrofurantoin prescribed for outpatient uUTI were associated with modestly increased UTI-related return visits but not hospitalization in men.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.57264\/cer-2025-0163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T07:59:13Z","timestamp":1774511953000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative effectiveness of oral antibiotics to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections in male outpatients"],"prefix":"10.57264","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9933-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Madaras-Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID 83713, USA"},{"name":"Boise VA Medical Center, Boise, ID 83642, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boise VA Medical Center, Boise, ID 83642, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boise VA Medical Center, Boise, ID 83642, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83642, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"36897","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq257","article-title":"International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"52","author":"Gupta K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta K, Hooton T, Naber K Infectious Diseases Society of America; European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin. Infect. Dis. 52(5), e103\u2013e120 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_10_4_2","unstructured":"Anon. Guidance document. Complicated urinary tract infections: developing drugs for treatment. Accessed 10 June 2024. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/complicated-urinary-tract-infections-developing-drugs-treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23897","article-title":"Standardisation Steering Committee ICS and the ICS Working Group on Terminology for Male Lower Urinary Tract & Pelvic Floor Symptoms and Dysfunction. 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