{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T11:26:22Z","timestamp":1793618782604,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Becaris Publishing Limited","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Comp. Eff. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Pembrolizumab's six-week extended dosing (ED), approved as an alternative to the standard three-week schedule (SD), offers flexibility in treatment plans.\n                    <jats:bold>Materials &amp; methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In this retrospective study across four Belgian hospitals, we described real-world pembrolizumab utilization using a pipeline that processed unstructured data with natural language processing (NLP) and mapped both structured and unstructured data to an OMOP-CDM database. Physicians and data analysts collaboratively developed the project-specific data dictionary and performed validation.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 303 patients were included, 56% with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Most patients (72%) received monotherapy, with 89% starting on SD. For NSCLC first-line monotherapy, the median time on treatment (rwTOT) was 106\u00a0days in the \u2018SD only\u2019 cohort and 666\u00a0days in the \u2018SD to ED\u2019 cohort, while the median time to next treatment (rwTTNT) was 280\u00a0days for \u2018SD only\u2019 (median rwTTNT not reached for \u2018SD to ED\u2019). Dosing cohort distributions showed that 74% of patients in the \u2018SD to ED\u2019 group had NSCLC, compared with 77% with urothelial cancer in the \u2018ED only\u2019 group. The mean (StdDev) gap between administrations was 23 (7) days for SD and 43 (5) days for ED. Most patients receiving ED did so after starting on SD, and all ED initiators stayed on ED. Dosing patterns remained stable pre- and during COVID-19.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study describes real-world pembrolizumab dosing patterns across four Belgian hospitals and illustrates how integrating NLP and structured data within an OMOP-CDM framework can support such analyses. Patients switching from SD to ED showed longer rwTOT and rwTTNT than those on SD alone, though potential immortal time bias requires caution in interpretation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.57264\/cer-2026-0011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:59:45Z","timestamp":1792594785000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-world utilization of pembrolizumab dosing schedules in Belgium: a multi-center retrospective study using a common data model and natural language processing"],"prefix":"10.57264","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9024-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelies","family":"Verbiest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8802-7352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Prenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized &amp; Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1464-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelies","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4607-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christof","family":"Vulsteke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Cancer Center Ghent, Maria Middelares General Hospital, Buitenring-Sint-Denijs 30, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken T.430, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1660-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Delombaerde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Cancer Center Ghent, Maria Middelares General Hospital, Buitenring-Sint-Denijs 30, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken T.430, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0623-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kortrijk Cancer Centre, AZ Groeninge General Hospital, Kennedylaan 4, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5438-9697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip R","family":"Debruyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kortrijk Cancer Centre, AZ Groeninge General Hospital, Kennedylaan 4, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium"},{"name":"Medical Technology Research Centre (MTRC), School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK"},{"name":"School of Nursing &amp; Midwifery, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8931-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iege","family":"Bassez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LynxCare Inc., Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-132X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara L","family":"Oeste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LynxCare Inc., Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8351-6801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes","family":"Brandtm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MS, MSD, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Observational &amp; Real-World Evidence, MSD (UK) Limited, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9128-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieterjan","family":"Debie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD Belgium, Vorstlaan 25 Blvd du Souverain, 1170 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6744-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Vertriest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MSD Belgium, Vorstlaan 25 Blvd du Souverain, 1170 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"36897","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12523","article-title":"Validation of an artificial intelligence driven framework to automatically detect red flag symptoms in screening for rare diseases in electronic health records: hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis polyneuropathy as a key example","volume":"28","author":"Hens D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hens D, Wyers L, Claeys KG. 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