{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T21:13:45Z","timestamp":1778274825556,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Sociedade Brasileira de Computacao - SB","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBCS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study addresses the lack of integrated, secure, and scalable Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) that combine appliance-level and circuit-level control while providing pilot-scale statistical analysis of energy savings under real-world conditions. We design and deploy a cloud-enabled IoT-based HEMS using ESP32 microcontrollers and PZEM-004T sensors, integrated through MQTT and Home Assistant on AWS. The system was evaluated in two residential households over several months. Compared with related work, the proposed solution integrates circuit-level actuation at the electrical distribution board, vendor-agnostic interoperability through Home Assistant, and a secure end-to-end data pipeline based on TLS encryption and broker-level authorization. In this pilot-scale evaluation (N=2), we observed a 9\u201310% reduction in monthly residential electricity consumption (p &lt; 0.05), with a 95% confidence level, within the monitored households. An illustrative difference-in-differences (DiD) estimator suggests an additional reduction of 3.17 kWh\/month under a single treated\u2013control pairing. Measurement accuracy remained below 3% relative error when compared with official utility bills. These findings should be interpreted as preliminary evidence and technical validation rather than generalizable proof of population-wide energy savings. Overall, the proposed HEMS constitutes a reproducible reference implementation for secure monitoring and control, demonstrating its feasibility and potential for residential energy optimization in pilot-scale deployments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5753\/jbcs.2026.6008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T20:43:52Z","timestamp":1778273032000},"page":"1258-1269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["IoT System for Residential Energy Monitoring and Management: Design and Implementation"],"prefix":"10.5753","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6955-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Diego","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Morocho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2805-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Cuzme-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6302-3419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hern\u00e1n Mauricio","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Limaico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3742","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-muqarm, M. A. A., Ahmed, A., Hasan, A. A., and Zaid, A. (2022). Security and performance analysis of mqtt protocol with tls in iot networks. In <i>International Conference on Engineering Technology and their Applications (IICETA)<\/i>. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iiceta51758.2021.9717495\">10.1109\/iiceta51758.2021.9717495<\/a>.","DOI":"10.1109\/IICETA51758.2021.9717495"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"Arroyo, R. and Angulo, J. (2022). Home automation as an application of energy efficiency in ecuador. <i>dialnet.unirioja.esR Arroyo, J AnguloGICOS: Revista del Grupo de Investigaciones en Comunidad y Salud, 2022\u2022dialnet.unirioja.es<\/i>. Available at:[<a href=\"https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/servlet\/articulo?codigo=8721745\">link<\/a>]."},{"key":"3","unstructured":"CENACE, N. E. O. (2023). 2023 annual report. Available at:[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cenace.gob.ec\/wp-content\/uploads\/downloads\/2024\/04\/Parte-1-Informe-Anual-CENACE-2023.pdf\">link<\/a>]."},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Condon, F., Mart\u00ednez, J. M., Eltamaly, A. M., Kim, Y.-C., and Ahmed, M. A. (2022). Design and implementation of a cloud-iot-based home energy management system. <i>Sensors<\/i>, 23:176. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23010176\">10.3390\/s23010176<\/a>.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010176"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"Cuatin, R. A. G. and Azuero, C. A. P. (2022). Development of a mobile application for the automatic monitoring of electricity consumption in households. Avaialble at:[<a href=\"https:\/\/repoadmin.utc.edu.ec\/items\/a5de6a9d-9500-41f8-bf3c-c309f2b1740f\/full\">link<\/a>]."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuzme-Rodr\u00edguez, F., Madera-Rosero, R., Dom\u00ednguez-Limaico, M., Jaramillo-Vinueza, D., Pupiales-Y\u00e9pez, C., and Su\u00e1rez-Zambrano, L. (2020). Administration and management platform of electricity consumption for home appliances based on iot. pages 12-22. Springer. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-32022-5_2\">10.1007\/978-3-030-32022-5_2<\/a>.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32022-5_2"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Khozondar, H. J., Mtair, S. Y., Qoffa, K. O., Qasem, O. I., Munyarawi, A. H., Nassar, Y. F., Bayoumi, E. H. E., and El, A. A. E. B. A. (2024). A smart energy monitoring system using esp32 microcontroller. <i>e-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy<\/i>, 9:100666. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prime.2024.100666\">10.1016\/j.prime.2024.100666<\/a>.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prime.2024.100666"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heredia-Andrango, A., Cuzme-Rodr\u00edguez, F., Maya-Olalla, E., Dom\u00ednguez-Limaico, H. M., and Jaramillo-Vinueza, E. (2024). Mitigating mqtt vulnerabilities in iot with open-source ids\/ips: A practical approach. In <i>Brazilian Technology Symposium<\/i>, pages 13-22. Springer. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-92651-8_2\">10.1007\/978-3-031-92651-8_2<\/a>.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-92651-8_2"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakhar, N., Dahiya, O., Nandal, R., and Joshi, K. (2022). Exploration of technological advancements and iot in smart grid. pages 1247-1254. IEEE. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ic3i56241.2022.10072723\">10.1109\/ic3i56241.2022.10072723<\/a>.","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3I56241.2022.10072723"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joha, M. I., Nazim, M. S., and Zubair, M. I. (2023). Smart energy metering, control, and protection system for making a smart home using iot. pages 1-6. IEEE. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iccit60459.2023.10441201\">10.1109\/iccit60459.2023.10441201<\/a>.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIT60459.2023.10441201"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, S. and Mahadik, S. (2022). A comparative study of agile and waterfall software development methodologies. <i>International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology<\/i>, 2(1):399. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48175\/IJARSCT-5696\">10.48175\/IJARSCT-5696<\/a>.","DOI":"10.48175\/IJARSCT-5696"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laghari, S. U. A., Li, W., Manickam, S., Nanda, P., Al-Ani, A. K., and Karuppayah, S. (2024). Securing mqtt ecosystem: Exploring vulnerabilities, mitigations, and future trajectories. <i>IEEE Access<\/i>, 12:139273-139289. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2024.3412030\">10.1109\/access.2024.3412030<\/a>.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3412030"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"Luna, J. A. A., Osuna-Mill\u00e1n, N., Parra, J. M. F., and Cisneros, R. F. R. (2022). Towards the selection of an appropriate project management methodology for it projects. <i>Revista Ib\u00e9rica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/i>, pages 631-643. Available at:[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/2812104799?sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals\">link<\/a>]."},{"key":"14","unstructured":"Ministry of Energy and Mines (2024). 2023 national energy balance. Available at:[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.recursosyenergia.gob.ec\/5900-2\/\">link<\/a>]."},{"key":"15","unstructured":"National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) (2024). Building statistics (esed) 2023. Available at:[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec\/documentos\/web-inec\/Estadisticas_Economicas\/Encuesta_Edificaciones\/2023\/anual\/3.2023_ESED_Boletin_tecnico.pdf\">link<\/a>]."},{"key":"16","unstructured":"Palacios, A. (2020). Residential energy efficiency. Available at:[<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucacue.edu.ec\">link<\/a>]."},{"key":"17","unstructured":"Ramos-Males, P. J. and Bautista-Segovia, A. M. (2022). Energy efficiency: A strategy for household economy in ecuador. <i>Dominio de las Ciencias<\/i>, 8(2):1334-1346. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23857\/dc.v8i2.2708\">10.23857\/dc.v8i2.2708<\/a>."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaban, M. and Alsharekh, M. F. (2022). Design of a smart distribution panelboard using iot connectivity and machine learning techniques. <i>Energies<\/i>, 15:3658. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en15103658\">10.3390\/en15103658<\/a>.","DOI":"10.3390\/en15103658"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taghizad-Tavana, K., Ghanbari-Ghalehjoughi, M., Razzaghi-Asl, N., Nojavan, S., and ad Alizadeh, A. (2022). An overview of the architecture of home energy management system as microgrids, automation systems, communication protocols, security, and cyber challenges. <i>Sustainability<\/i>, 14:15938. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su142315938\">10.3390\/su142315938<\/a>.","DOI":"10.3390\/su142315938"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tagliaro, C., Komsic, M., Continella, A., Borgolte, K., and Lindorfer, M. (2024). Large-scale security analysis of real-world backend deployments speaking iot-focused protocols. 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DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.60101\/jarst.2024.255911\">10.60101\/jarst.2024.255911<\/a>.","DOI":"10.60101\/jarst.2024.255911"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals-sol.sbc.org.br\/index.php\/jbcs\/article\/download\/6008\/3989","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals-sol.sbc.org.br\/index.php\/jbcs\/article\/download\/6008\/3989","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T20:44:02Z","timestamp":1778273042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals-sol.sbc.org.br\/index.php\/jbcs\/article\/view\/6008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5753\/jbcs.2026.6008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4804","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]}}}