{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T18:40:32Z","timestamp":1772822432973,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Sociedade Brasileira de Computacao - SB","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["RBIE"],"abstract":"School dropout is a critical challenge for Brazilian education, having a multicausal nature and the potential to disrupt academic trajectories. This paper contributes to discussions on school dropout by covering primary and secondary educational levels. We conducted an extensive exploratory analysis of data provided by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research An\u00edsio Teixeira (Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais An\u00edsio Teixeira - INEP) from 1996 to 2022, considering factors such as government transitions and unforeseen events (e.g., financial crises and the COVID-19 pandemic). Thus, we handled millions of instances from the INEP database to explore data using Google Colab. We focused on the relationship between student dropout rates and various other factors, including categorical variables such as school location, type of administrative management, geographical region, and year, as well as numerical variables such as the number of classes, number of teachers, number of approved students, and number of failed students. Our goal was to identify which combination of these characteristics contributed most to the increase in student dropout rates. Our findings evidence that schools in urban areas of theNortheast region, whether municipal or state-run, have the highest student dropout rates in basic education in Brazil. The state of Alagoas shows a more pronounced duality in its education networks than the rest of Brazil, as the highest rates in elementary education occur in municipal schools. In contrast, state schools are the major contributors to high numbers of dropouts. Alagoas faces the most concerning dropout rates in high school education. The results showed periods of growth and decline in student dropout rates, aligning with government transitions, certain financial crises,and the COVID-19 pandemic. There is also a correlation between dropouts and failures in both elementary and high school education, with the correlation being much stronger in elementary education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5753\/rbie.2026.5491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:48:32Z","timestamp":1772801312000},"page":"110-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Challenge of School Dropout in Brazil: An Analysis of Over Two Decades"],"prefix":"10.5753","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3999-5329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0976-7040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1753-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Sobrinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5771-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Almeida Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3742","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1","unstructured":"Barbosa, V. (2023). Evas\u00e3o escolar no Brasil \u2013 O impacto das pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas de combate \u00e0 evas\u00e3o. Dispon\u00edvel em: [link<\/a>]. [GS Search]<\/a>"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"Bridgeland, J. M., Balfanz, R., Moore, L. A., & Friant, R. S. (2010). Raising Their Voices: Engaging Students, Teachers, and Parents to Help End the High School Dropout Epidemic. Civic Enterprises. Dispon\u00edvel em: [link<\/a>]. [GS Search]<\/a>"},{"key":"3","unstructured":"da Cunha Resende, M. F., & Terra, F. H. B. (2020). Ciclo, crise e retomada da economia brasileira: avalia\u00e7\u00e3o macroecon\u00f4mica do per\u00edodo 2004-2016 [Accessed: 2024-12-12.]. Economia e Sociedade. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1982-3533.2020v29n2art05<\/a>. [GS Search]<\/a>"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Almeida Teodoro, L., & Kappel, M. A. A. (2020). Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de t\u00e9cnicas de aprendizado de m\u00e1quina para predi\u00e7\u00e3o de risco de evas\u00e3o escolar em institui\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fablicas de ensino superior no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, 28, 838\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5753\/RBIE.2020.28.0.838<\/a>. [GS Search]<\/a>","DOI":"10.5753\/rbie.2020.28.0.838"},{"key":"5","unstructured":"Ferreira, S. G., Ribeiro, G., & Tafner, P. (2022). Abandono e evas\u00e3o escolar no Brasil. Instituto Mobilidade e Desenvolvimento Social, 1\u201340. Dispon\u00edvel em: [link<\/a>]. [GS Search]<\/a>"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, S. C., & Teixeira, K. H. (2024). Uma an\u00e1lise multin\u00edvel dos determinantes do abandono escolar para os munic\u00edpios alagoanos no ano de 2019. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos, 18(1), 45\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54766\/rberu.v18i1.1050<\/a>. 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[GS Search]<\/a>"},{"key":"11","unstructured":"INEP. (2020a). Resultados \u2013 Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais An\u00edsio Teixeira (INEP): Censo Escolar [Acesso em: 03 nov. 2024.]. Dispon\u00edvel em: [link<\/a>]. [GS Search]<\/a>"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"INEP. (2020b). Taxas de Rendimento Escolar \u2013 Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais An\u00edsio Teixeira (INEP) [Acesso em: 03 nov. 2024.]. Dispon\u00edvel em: [link<\/a>]. [GS Search]<\/a>"},{"key":"13","unstructured":"INEP. (2023). Notas Estat\u00edsticas: Censo da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o B\u00e1sica 2023 [Acesso em: 11 dez. 2024.]. Dispon\u00edvel em: [link<\/a>]. [GS Search]<\/a>"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Guti\u00e9rrez, A. L., Mota-Hern\u00e1ndez, C. I., Mezura-Montes, E., & Alvarado-Corona, R. (2024). Application of the performance of machine learning techniques as support in the prediction of school dropout. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 3957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-53576-1 <\/a>. [GS Search]<\/a>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53576-1"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, H., Qi, L., Wan, G., Li, B., & Hu, B. (2020). Child population, economic development and regional inequality of education resources in China. Children and Youth Services Review, 110, 104819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.104819<\/a>. [GS Search]<\/a>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.104819"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piscitello, J., Kim, Y. K., Orooji, M., & Robison, S. (2022). Sociodemographic risk, school engagement, and community characteristics: A mediated approach to understanding high school dropout. Children and Youth Services Review, 133, 106347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.106347<\/a>. [GS Search]<\/a>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2021.106347"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pong, S.-L., & Ju, D.-B. (2000). The effects of change in family structure and income on dropping out of middle and high school. Journal of Family Issues, 21(2), 147\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/019251300021002001<\/a>. [GS Search]<\/a>","DOI":"10.1177\/019251300021002001"},{"key":"18","unstructured":"Rosa, M., Fernandes, F. A., & Fernandes, T. J. (2023). Fatores que Influenciam o Abandono Escolar nas Regi\u00f5es Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil. Revista Interdisciplinar Cient\u00edfica Aplicada, 17(4), 61\u201379. Dispon\u00edvel em: [link<\/a>]. [GS Search]<\/a>"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, W. (2016). Evas\u00e3o escolar no ensino m\u00e9dio no Brasil \/ School evasion in high school in Brazil. Educa\u00e7\u00e3o em Foco, 19(29), 13\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24934\/eef.v19i29.1910<\/a>. [GS Search]<\/a>","DOI":"10.24934\/eef.v19i29.1910"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Inform\u00e1tica na Educa\u00e7\u00e3o"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:48:37Z","timestamp":1772801317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals-sol.sbc.org.br\/index.php\/rbie\/article\/view\/5491"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":19,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5753\/rbie.2026.5491","relation":{},"ISSN":["2317-6121","1414-5685"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2317-6121","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1414-5685","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]}}}