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Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a systematic review. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2016; 315: 2442\u20132458.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5444"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Salvarani C, Cantini F, Boiardi L, et al. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2002; 347: 261\u2013271.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011913"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Wilkinson IM, Russell RW. Arteries of the head and neck in giant cell arteritis. A pathological study to show the pattern of arterial involvement. <i>Arch Neurol<\/i> 1972; 27: 378\u2013391.","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1972.00490170010003"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Gonzalez-Gay MA, Vazquez-Rodriguez TR, Gomez-Acebo I, et al. Strokes at time of disease diagnosis in a series of 287 patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. <i>Medicine (Baltimore)<\/i> 2009; 88: 227\u2013235.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181af4518"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Salvarani C, Della Bella C, Cimino L, et al. Risk factors for severe cranial ischaemic events in an Italian population-based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis. <i>Rheumatology (Oxford)<\/i> 2009; 48: 250\u2013253.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken465"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Guggenberger KV, Vogt ML, Song JW, et al. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging visualizes intracranial large artery involvement in giant cell arteritis. <i>Rheumatology (Oxford)<\/i> 2025; 64: 842\u2013848.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae010"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Siemonsen S, Brekenfeld C, Holst B, et al. 3T MRI reveals extra- and intracranial involvement in giant cell arteritis. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 2015; 36: 91\u201397.","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4086"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Samson M, Jacquin A, Audia S, et al. Stroke associated with giant cell arteritis: a population-based study. <i>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry<\/i> 2015; 86: 216\u2013221.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307614"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Watanabe R, Berry GJ, Liang DH, et al. Pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis\u2014similarities and differences. <i>Curr Rheumatol Rep<\/i> 2020; 22: 68.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-00948-x"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Alsolaimani RS, Bhavsar SV, Khalidi NA, et al. Severe intracranial involvement in giant cell arteritis: 5 cases and literature review. <i>J Rheumatol<\/i> 2016; 43: 648\u2013656.","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150143"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Salvarani C, Giannini C, Miller DV, et al. Giant cell arteritis: involvement of intracranial arteries. <i>Arthritis Care Res<\/i> 2006; 55: 985\u2013989.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22359"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S, et al. 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. <i>Ann Rheum Dis<\/i> 2020; 79: 19\u201330.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215672"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Caton MT Jr., Mark IT, Narsinh KH, et al. Endovascular therapy for intracranial giant cell arteritis: systematic review, technical considerations and the effect of intra-arterial calcium channel blockers. <i>Clin Neuroradiol<\/i> 2022; 32: 1045\u20131056.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-022-01171-0"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Ponte C, Grayson PC, Robson JC, et al. 2022 American  college of Rheumatology\/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell arteritis. <i>Ann Rheum Dis<\/i> 2022; 81: 1647\u20131653.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42325"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Beuker C, Wankner MC, Thomas C, et al. Characterization of extracranial giant cell arteritis with intracranial involvement and its rapidly progressive subtype. <i>Ann Neurol<\/i> 2021; 90: 118\u2013129.","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26101"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Bonnan M, Debeugny S. Giant-cell arteritis related strokes: scoping review of mechanisms and rethinking treatment strategy? <i>Front Neurol<\/i> 2023; 14: 1305093.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1305093"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Trial of tocilizumab in giant-cell arteritis. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2017; 377: 317\u2013328.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1613849"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Weyand CM, Fulbright JW, Hunder GG, et al. Treatment of giant cell arteritis: interleukin-6 as a biologic marker of disease activity. <i>Arthritis Rheum<\/i> 2000; 43: 1041\u20131048.","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200005)43:5<1041::AID-ANR12>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Villiger PM, Adler S, Kuchen S, et al. Tocilizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. <i>Lancet<\/i> 2016; 387: 1921\u20131927.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00560-2"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Jeong HS, Jung JH, Song GG, et al. 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