{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T05:15:27Z","timestamp":1783142127948,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NOUSHINKEI KEKKANNAI TIRYOU","JNET"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.5797\/jnet.ra.2026-0076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:15:54Z","timestamp":1782857754000},"page":"n\/a","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endovascular Therapy for Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis: Evidence and Controversies"],"prefix":"10.5797","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mikito","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Okune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Inaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Negishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Kanamitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Hidano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Uramaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Yoshimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisayuki","family":"Hosoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiki","family":"Marushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yamagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Matsumaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3804","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Gutierrez J, Turan TN, Hoh BL, et al. Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. <i>Lancet Neurol<\/i> 2022; 21: 355\u2013368.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00376-8"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Kasner SE, Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, et al. Predictors of ischemic stroke in the territory of a symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2006; 113: 555\u2013563.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.578229"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Mazighi M, Tanasescu R, Ducrocq X, et al. Prospective study of symptomatic atherothrombotic intracranial stenoses: the GESICA study. <i>Neurology<\/i> 2006; 66: 1187\u20131191.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000208404.94585.b2"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Derdeyn CP, et al. Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2011; 365: 993\u20131003.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105335"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Zaidat OO, Fitzsimmons BF, Woodward BK, et al. Effect of a balloon-expandable intracranial stent vs medical therapy on risk of stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis: the VISSIT randomized clinical trial. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2015; 313: 1240\u20131248.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1693"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Sundt TM Jr., Smith HC, Campbell JK, et al. Transluminal angioplasty for basilar artery stenosis. <i>Mayo Clin Proc<\/i> 1980; 55: 673\u2013680.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(26)01364-9"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Mori T, Mori K, Fukuoka M, et al. Percutaneous transluminal cerebral angioplasty: serial angiographic follow-up after successful dilatation. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 1997; 39: 111\u2013116.","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050376"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"8) Mori T, Fukuoka M, Kazita K, et al. Follow-up study after intracranial percutaneous transluminal cerebral balloon angioplasty. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 1998; 19: 1525\u20131533."},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Connors JJ 3rd, Wojak JC. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerotic lesions: evolution of technique and short-term results. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 1999; 91: 415\u2013423.","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.3.0415"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Marks MP, Wojak JC, Al-Ali F, et al. Angioplasty for symptomatic intracranial stenosis: clinical outcome. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2006; 37: 1016\u20131020.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000206142.03677.c2"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Lylyk P, Vila JF, Miranda C, et al. Endovascular reconstruction by means of stent placement in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. <i>Neurol Res<\/i> 2005; 27<b>(<\/b>Suppl 1<b>)<\/b>: 84\u201388.","DOI":"10.1179\/016164105X35495"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Suh DC, Kim JK, Choi JW, et al. Intracranial stenting of severe symptomatic intracranial stenosis: results of 100 consecutive patients. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 2008; 29: 781\u2013785.","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0922"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Miao ZR, Feng L, Li S, et al. Treatment of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis with balloon-mounted stents: long-term follow-up at a single center. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 2009; 64: 79\u201385.","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000335648.31874.37"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Fiorella D, Woo HH. Emerging endovascular therapies for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2007; 38: 2391\u20132396.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.482752"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) SSYLVIA Study Investigators. Stenting of symptomatic atherosclerotic lesions in the vertebral or intracranial arteries (SSYLVIA): study results. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2004; 35: 1388\u20131392.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000128708.86762.d6"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Howlett-Smith H, et al. Comparison of warfarin and aspirin for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2005; 352: 1305\u20131316.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043033"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17) Jiang WJ, Xu XT, Jin M, et al. Apollo stent for symptomatic atherosclerotic intracranial stenosis: study results. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 2007; 28: 830\u2013834."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Freitas JM, Zenteno M, Aburto-Murrieta Y, et al. Intracranial arterial stenting for symptomatic stenoses: a Latin American experience. <i>Surg Neurol<\/i> 2007; 68: 378\u2013386.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2006.11.062"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Kurre W, Berkefeld J, Sitzer M, et al. Treatment of symptomatic high-grade intracranial stenoses with the balloon-expandable Pharos stent: initial experience. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 2008; 50: 701\u2013708.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-008-0394-6"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Bose A, Hartmann M, Henkes H, et al. A novel, self-expanding, nitinol stent in medically refractory intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses: the Wingspan study. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2007; 38: 1531\u20131537.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.477711"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Fiorella D, Levy EI, Turk AS, et al. US multicenter experience with the Wingspan stent system for the treatment of intracranial atheromatous disease: periprocedural results. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2007; 38: 881\u2013887.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000257963.65728.e8"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22) Zaidat OO, Klucznik R, Alexander MJ, et al. The NIH registry on use of the Wingspan stent for symptomatic 70\u201399% intracranial arterial stenosis. <i>Neurology<\/i> 2008; 70: 1518\u20131524.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000306308.08229.a3"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Derdeyn CP, Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, et al. Aggressive medical treatment with or without stenting in high-risk patients with intracranial artery stenosis (SAMMPRIS): the final results of a randomised trial. <i>Lancet<\/i> 2014; 383: 333\u2013341.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62038-3"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Nahab F, Lynn MJ, Kasner SE, et al. Risk factors associated with major cerebrovascular complications after intracranial stenting. <i>Neurology<\/i>  2009; 72: 2014\u20132019.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0b013e3181a1863c"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Fiorella D, Derdeyn CP, Lynn MJ, et al. Detailed analysis of periprocedural strokes in patients undergoing intracranial stenting in Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS). <i>Stroke<\/i> 2012; 43: 2682\u20132688.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.661173"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Derdeyn CP, Fiorella D, Lynn MJ, et al. Mechanisms of stroke after intracranial angioplasty and stenting in the SAMMPRIS trial. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 2013; 72: 777\u2013795.","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318286fdc8"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Derdeyn CP, Fiorella D, Lynn MJ, et al. Nonprocedural symptomatic infarction and in-stent restenosis after intracranial angioplasty and stenting in the SAMMPRIS trial (Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for the Prevention of Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis). <i>Stroke<\/i> 2017; 48: 1501\u20131506.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.014537"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Fiorella DJ, Levy EI, Turk AS, et al. Target lesion revascularization after Wingspan: assessment of safety and durability. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2009; 40: 106\u2013110.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.525774"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Turk AS, Levy AI, Albuquerque FC, et al. Influence of patient age and stenosis location on Wingspan in-stent restenosis. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 2008; 29: 23\u201327.","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0869"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Alexander MJ, Zauner A, Chaloupka JC, et al. WEAVE trial: final results in 152 on-label patients. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2019; 50: 889\u2013894.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023996"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Alexander MJ, Zauner A, Gupta R, et al. The WOVEN trial: Wingspan One-year Vascular Events and Neurologic Outcomes. <i>J Neurointerv Surg<\/i> 2021; 13: 307\u2013310.","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2020-016208"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Gao P, Wang D, Zhao Z, et al. Multicenter prospective trial of stent placement in patients with symptomatic high-grade intracranial stenosis. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 2016; 37: 1275\u20131280.","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4698"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33) Gao P, Wang T, Wang D, et al. Effect of stenting plus medical therapy vs medical therapy alone on risk of stroke and death in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis: the CASSISS randomized clinical trial. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2022; 328: 534\u2013542.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18921"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Gao P, He X, Wang H, et al. Stenting versus medical therapy for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis: long-term follow-up of a randomized trial. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2025; 56: 1128\u20131137.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.124.049602"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Ip BY, Ma SH, Lui WT, et al. Stent-assisted angioplasty in symptomatic intracranial stenosis without adjacent branch atheromatous disease: a randomized trial with patients selected by using three-dimensional rotational angiography. <i>Radiology<\/i> 2025; 316: e243860.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.243860"},{"key":"36","unstructured":"36) The Japan Stroke Society, The Japan Neurosurgical Society, The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy. Guidelines for the proper use of intracranial arterial stents (for atherosclerosis), December 2013. <i>Jpn J Stroke.<\/i> 2014; 36: 151\u2013162. (in Japanese)"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37) Imamura H, Sakai N, Sakai C, et al. Japanese postmarket surveillance of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and Wingspan stenting for intracranial atherosclerotic disease. <i>World Neurosurg<\/i> 2023; 173: e48\u2013e54.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.01.093"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Dumont TM, Sonig A, Mokin M, et al. Submaximal angioplasty for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis: a prospective Phase I study. <i>J Neurosurg<\/i> 2016; 125: 964\u2013971.","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.8.JNS15791"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Stapleton CJ, Chen YF, Shallwani H, et al. Submaximal angioplasty for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease: a meta-analysis of peri-procedural and long-term risk. <i>Neurosurgery<\/i> 2020; 86: 755\u2013762.","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz337"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Seyedsaadat SM, Yolcu YU, Neuhaus A, et al. Submaximal angioplasty in the treatment of patients with symptomatic ICAD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>J Neurointerv Surg<\/i> 2020; 12: 380\u2013385.","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2019-015451"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41) Sun X, Deng Y, Zhang Y, et al. Balloon angioplasty vs medical management for intracranial artery stenosis: the BASIS randomized clinical trial. <i>JAMA<\/i> 2024; 332: 1059\u20131069.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.12829"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Jin M, Fu X, Wei Y, et al. Higher risk of recurrent ischemic events in patients with intracranial in-stent restenosis. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2013; 44: 2990\u20132994.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001824"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) Peng G, Zhang Y, Miao Z. Incidence and risk factors of in-stent restenosis for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 2020; 41: 1447\u20131452.","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6689"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44) Ye G, Yin X, Yang X, et al. Efficacy and safety of drug-eluting stent for the intracranial atherosclerotic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>J Clin Neurosci<\/i> 2019; 59: 112\u2013118.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.118"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45) Dharia AA, Byer SH, Le K, et al. A Systematic review and meta-analysis of drug eluting stents for safety and efficacy in intracranial atherosclerotic disease. <i>Int J Neurosci<\/i> 2025; 135: 607\u2013617.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2024.2313013"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"46) Hassan TA, Bhatt A, Oliver Otite F, et al. Next-generation Onyx DES for elective intracranial atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis. <i>Interv Neuroradiol<\/i> 2025 Jul 28. doi.org\/10.1177\/15910199251361312. [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199251361312"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47) Jia B, Zhang X, Ma N, et al. Comparison of drug-eluting stent with bare-metal stent in patients with symptomatic high-grade intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a randomized clinical trial. <i>JAMA Neurol<\/i> 2022; 79: 176\u2013184.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.4804"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48) Gong H, Luo J, Xu W, et al. Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>BMJ Open<\/i> 2024; 14: e085533.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-085533"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49) Li G, Qiao H, Lin H, et al. Application of drug-coated balloons for intracranial atherosclerosis disease: a systematic review. <i>Clin Neurol Neurosurg<\/i> 2022; 213: 107065.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.107065"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50) Almeida LGS, Semione G, Carretta LTA, et al. Drug-coated balloon versus stent angioplasty in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. <i>Neurosurg Rev<\/i> 2025; 48: 480.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-03630-x"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"51) Vega-Medina PA, Vera JEA, Gonz\u00e1lez-Chang LA, et al. Drug-coated balloons versus stenting for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a meta-analysis. <i>J Neurointerv Surg<\/i> 2026 Feb 3. doi.org\/10.1136\/jnis-2025-024494. [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2025-024494"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"52) Ma G, Sun D, Jia B, et al. Comparison of drug-coated balloon with bare-metal stent in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: the AcoArt sICAS randomized clinical trial. <i>J Neurointerv Surg<\/i> 2026; 18: 500\u2013507.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2024-022768"},{"key":"53","unstructured":"53) Guan S, Tong X, Li X, et al. Drug-coated balloon for endovascular treatment of symptomatic intracranial stenotic disease: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. <i>Radiology<\/i> 2026; 318: e250893."},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"54) M\u00f6hlenbruch MA, Pfaff J, Herweh C, et al. One-pass endovascular treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis with a novel PTA balloon and self-expanding microstent. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 2016; 58: 893\u2013899.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-016-1716-8"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55) Meyer L, Leischner H, Thomalla G, et al. Stenting with Acclino (flex) for symptomatic intracranial stenosis as secondary stroke prevention. <i>J Neurointerv Surg<\/i> 2020; 12: 1127\u20131131.","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2019-015744"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"56) Cuellar H, Barry J, Hanif R. A novel technique for stenting in cases of refractory intracranial stenosis. <i>Interv Neuroradiol<\/i> 2020; 26: 337\u2013340.","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019919900832"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"57) Takayanagi A, Cheng PK, Feng L. A novel technique for stenting of intracranial stenosis using the Neuroform Atlas stent and Gateway balloon catheter. <i>Interv Neuroradiol<\/i> 2021; 27: 770\u2013773.","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199211007295"},{"key":"58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"58) Liu P, Zhang H, Shi Y, et al. One-step solution for angioplasty, low-profile stent delivery, and intrastent dilation using a dual-lumen angioplasty balloon microcatheter: technical advances, limitations, outcomes, and literature review. <i>Neurosurg Rev<\/i> 2023; 46: 234.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-023-02143-9"},{"key":"59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"59) Sakai C, Sakai N, Peterson C, et al. Investigator-initiated clinical trial of stabilizer device: a novel intracranial exchange guidewire for neuroendovascular treatments. <i>Interv Neuroradiol<\/i> 2024 Aug 7. doi.org\/10.1177\/15910199241262851. [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199241262851"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60) Miao Z, Song L, Liebeskind DS, et al. Outcomes of tailored angioplasty and\/or stenting for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis: a prospective cohort study after SAMMPRIS. <i>J Neurointerv Surg<\/i> 2015; 7: 331\u2013335.","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2014-011109"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"61) Miao Z, Zhang Y, Shuai J, et al. Thirty-day outcome of a multicenter registry study of stenting for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis in China. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2015; 46: 2822\u20132829.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010549"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"62) Ma N, Zhang Y, Shuai J, et al. Stenting for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis in China: 1-year outcome of a multicentre registry study. <i>Stroke Vasc Neurol<\/i> 2018; 3: 176\u2013184.","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2017-000137"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"63) Miyachi S, Taki W, Sakai N, et al. Historical perspective of carotid artery stenting in Japan: analysis of 8,092 cases in the Japanese CAS survey. <i>Acta Neurochir (Wien)<\/i> 2012; 154: 2127\u20132137.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1508-9"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"64) Turan TN, Cotsonis G, Lynn MJ, et al. Relationship between blood pressure and stroke recurrence in patients with intracranial arterial stenosis. <i>Circulation<\/i> 2007; 115: 2969\u20132975.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.622464"},{"key":"65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"65) Chaturvedi S, Turan TN, Lynn MJ, et al. Risk factor status and vascular events in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis. <i>Neurology<\/i> 2007; 69: 2063\u20132068.","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000279338.18776.26"},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"66) Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Turan TN, et al. Design of the stenting and aggressive medical management for preventing recurrent stroke in intracranial stenosis trial. <i>J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis<\/i> 2011; 20: 357\u2013368.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.05.001"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"67) Chaturvedi S, Turan TN, Lynn MJ, et al. Do patient characteristics explain the differences in outcome between medically treated patients in SAMMPRIS and WASID? <i>Stroke<\/i> 2015; 46: 2562\u20132567.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009656"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"68) Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 Guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2021; 52: e364\u2013e467.","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000375"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"69) Turan TN, Zaidat OO, Gronseth GS, et al. Stroke prevention in symptomatic large artery intracranial atherosclerosis practice advisory: report of the AAN Guideline Subcommittee. <i>Neurology<\/i> 2022; 98: 486\u2013498.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200030"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"70) Psychogios M, Brehm A, L\u00f3pez-Cancio E, et al. European Stroke Organisation guidelines on treatment of patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease. <i>Eur Stroke J<\/i> 2022; 7: XLII\u2013LXXX.","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873221099715"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"71) Wu L, Zhang B, Li C, et al. PCSK9 inhibitors reduced early recurrent stroke in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. <i>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry<\/i> 2024; 95: 529\u2013535.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-332392"},{"key":"72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"72) Siegler JE, Badillo Goicoechea E, Yaghi S, et al. Estimated theoretical benefit of aggressive LDL lowering in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis. <i>Neurology<\/i> 2025; 105: e213768.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000213768"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"73) Toyoda K, Uchiyama S, Yamaguchi T, et al. Dual antiplatelet therapy using cilostazol for secondary prevention in patients with high-risk ischaemic stroke in Japan: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. <i>Lancet Neurol<\/i> 2019; 18: 539\u2013548.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30148-6"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"74) Sharma M, Dong Q, Hirano T, et al. Asundexian for secondary stroke prevention. <i>N Engl J Med<\/i> 2026; 394: 1467\u20131479.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2513880"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"75) Mandell DM, Mossa-Basha M, Qiao Y, et al. Intracranial vessel wall MRI: principles and expert consensus recommendations of the American Society of Neuroradiology. <i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol<\/i> 2017; 38: 218\u2013229.","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4893"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"76) de Havenon A, Mossa-Basha M, Shah L, et al. High-resolution vessel wall MRI for the evaluation of intracranial atherosclerotic disease. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 2017; 59: 1193\u20131202.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-017-1925-9"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"77) Zhang J, Sun B, Wang H, et al. Intracranial atherosclerotic plaque features on vessel wall imaging predict first ever and recurrence of stroke: a meta-analysis. <i>Eur Radiol<\/i> 2025; 35: 5017\u20135026.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11451-1"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"78) Mei Y, Yu S, Li Z, et al. Plaque characteristics associated with failure of primary balloon angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a retrospective study. <i>J Neurointerv Surg<\/i> 2024 Jan 31. doi.org\/10.1136\/jnis-2023-021295. [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2023-021295"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"79) Meng Y, Magigi MC, Song Y, et al. Plaque features of the middle cerebral artery are associated with periprocedural complications of intracranial angioplasty and stenting. <i>Neuroradiology<\/i> 2024; 66: 109\u2013116.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-023-03244-4"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"80) Ma X, Yan P, Ju J, et al. Vessel wall MRI characteristics associated with intraprocedural stent thrombosis during angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. <i>J Neurointerv Surg<\/i> 2024; 16: 1348\u20131352.","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2023-020941"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"81) Ma N, Xu Z, Lyu J, et al. Association of perforator stroke after basilar artery stenting with negative remodeling. <i>Stroke<\/i> 2019; 50: 745\u2013749.","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023838"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"82) Huang R, Yang B, Gao F, et al. Association between basilar artery stenosis features, vertebral artery stenosis and perforator stroke after stenting. <i>Interv Neuroradiol<\/i> 2025; 31: 246\u2013254.","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199231164840"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"83) Tian B, Zhu C, Tian X, et al. Baseline vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging characteristics associated with in-stent restenosis for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. <i>J Neurointerv Surg<\/i> 2023; 15: 288\u2013291.","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2021-018473"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"84) Hu T, Ling R, Xue X, et al. Plaque features for the prediction of in-stent restenosis in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis from a retrospective single-center study. <i>Eur Radiol<\/i> 2026; 36: 3556\u20133569.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11964-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroendovascular Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jnet\/20\/1\/20_ra.2026-0076\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T04:18:58Z","timestamp":1783138738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jnet\/20\/1\/20_ra.2026-0076\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5797\/jnet.ra.2026-0076","relation":{},"ISSN":["1882-4072","2186-2494"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1882-4072","type":"print"},{"value":"2186-2494","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"ra.2026-0076"}}