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Major breakthroughs were realized in the treatment of metastatic cutaneous melanoma, but most patients relapse. Currently, there is no approved systemic treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma. Thus, these two different cancers are in therapeutic need to overcome treatment failure and improve patient prognosis. In this review we discuss on one hand the mutation of MITF, the master gene of melanocyte homeostasis, which we identified as a new melanoma predisposition gene in cutaneous melanoma, and on the other hand the recent findings of intratumor heterogeneity and characterization of cell sub-populations in primary uveal melanomas. These studies offer new tools for early detection and therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5802\/crbiol.63","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T11:09:15Z","timestamp":1636974555000},"page":"219-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cutaneous and uveal melanoma: two different cancers in therapeutic needs"],"prefix":"10.5802","volume":"344","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6971-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corine","family":"Bertolotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3842","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2025102316430934860_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2007.00415.x","article-title":"Characterization of melanin in human iridal and choroidal melanocytes from eyes with various colored irides","volume":"21","author":"Wakamatsu, K.","year":"2008","unstructured":"[1] Wakamatsu, K.; Hu, D. 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