{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:26:00Z","timestamp":1760955960165},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"California Digital Library (CDL)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558396800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sudden, painless vision loss in patients with stroke risk factors is suspect for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), an ophthalmic emergency that in addition to ocular treatment warrants a thorough neurologic and vascular evaluation. In addition to the high risk of concurrent stroke, carotid artery stenosis and occlusion is often overlooked during the initial evaluation. Here we report a case of CRAO with concurrent ipsilateral complete left internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and right ICA critical narrowing, dissection and pseudoaneurysm, which subsequently improved with prompt hyperbaric oxygen therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2019.4.40847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T01:31:34Z","timestamp":1564623094000},"page":"233-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated with Carotid Artery Occlusion"],"prefix":"10.5811","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Wells","family":"Weymouth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Antonio Military Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Antonio Military Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Sam Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"29705","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leavitt JA, Larson TA, Hodge DO, et al. The incidence of central retinal artery occlusion in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152(5):820-3.e2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.05.005"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Merchut MP, Gupta SR, Naheedy MH. The relation of retinal artery occlusion and carotid artery stenosis. Stroke. 1988;19(10):1239-42.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.19.10.1239"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang LY, Zhang J, Kim RK, et al. Risk of acute ischemic stroke in patients with monocular vision loss of vascular etiology. J Neuroophthalmol. 2018;38(3):328-33.","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000613"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayreh SS and Zimmerman MB. Central retinal artery occlusion: visual outcome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(3):376-91.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.038"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman MB. Retinal artery occlusion: associated systemic and ophthalmic abnormalities. Ophthalmology. 2009;116(10):1928-36.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.03.006"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Georgalas I, Pagoulatos D, Koutsandrea C, et al. Sudden unilateral painless loss of vision. BMJ. 2014;349:g4117.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4117"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun R, Peng XY, You QS, et al. Branch retinal artery occlusion following carotid stenting: a case report. Exp Ther Med. 2016;12(4):2183-6.","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3581"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tomsak RL, Hanson M, Gutman FA. Carotid artery disease and central retinal artery occlusion. Cleve Clin Q. 1979;46(1):7-11.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(79)92979-9"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen CS, Lee AW, Campbell B, et al. Efficacy of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator in central retinal artery occlusion: report from a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke. 2011;42(8):2229-34.","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.111.613653"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hattenbach LO, Kuhli-Hattenbach C, Scharrer I, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with low-dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in central retinal artery occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146(5):700-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.06.016"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner B, Lindenbaum E, Logue C, et al. 265 Rethinking the standard of care for patients with central retinal artery occlusion. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;70(4):S105.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.07.243"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olsen TW, Pulido JS, Folk JC, et al. Retinal and ophthalmic artery occlusions preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(2):P120-P143.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.09.024"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kollarits CR, Lubow M, Hissong SL. Retinal strokes: I. Incidence of carotid atheromata. JAMA. 1972;222(10):1273-5.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03210100023005"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Youn TS, Lavin P, Patrylo M, et al. Current treatment of central retinal artery occlusion: a national survey. J Neurol. 2018;265(2):330-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8702-x"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gibbons RJ, Smith S, Antman E. American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association clinical practice guidelines: Part I: where do they come from? Circulation. 2003;107(23):2979-86.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000063682.20730.a5"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Murphy-Lavoie H, Butler F, Hagan C. Central retinal artery occlusion treated with oxygen: a literature review and treatment algorithm. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2012;39(5):943-53."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hadanny A, Maliar A, Fishlev G, et al. Reversibility of retinal ischemia due to central retinal artery occlusion by hyperbaric oxygen. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016;11:115-25.","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.s121307"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schumacher M, Schmidt D, Jurklies B, et al. Central retinal artery occlusion: local intra-arterial fibrinolysis versus conservative treatment, a multicenter randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(7):1367-75.e1.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.03.061"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang X, Ji X, Luo Y, et al. Intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute central retinal artery occlusion. Neurol Res. 2009;31(4):385-9.","DOI":"10.1179\/174313209X444008"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aldrich EM, Lee AW, Chen CS, et al. Local intra-arterial fibrinolysis administered in aliquots for the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion: the Johns Hopkins Hospital experience. Stroke. 2008;39(6):1746-50.","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.107.505404"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noble J, Weizblit N, Baerlocher M, et al. Intra-arterial thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion: a systematic review. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(5):588-93.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.133488"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biousse V, Calvetti O, Bruce BB, et al. Thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion. J Neuroophthalmol. 2007;27(3):215-30.","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31814b1f66"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beatty S and Eong KA. Acute occlusion of the retinal arteries: current concepts and recent advances in diagnosis and management. J Accid Emerg Med. 2000;17(5):324-9.","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.17.5.324"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Varma D, Cugati S, Lee A, et al. A review of central retinal artery occlusion: clinical presentation and management. Eye (Lond). 2013;27(6):688-97.","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.25"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Park SJ, Choi N-K, Yang BR, et al. Risk and risk periods for stroke and acute myocardial infarction in patients with central retinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(11):2336-43.e2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.018"}],"container-title":["Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T22:19:16Z","timestamp":1583792356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/74r1v31z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]},"references-count":25,"issue-title":["Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/cpcem.2019.4.40847","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-252X","2474-252X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2474-252X"},{"type":"print","value":"2474-252X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]]}}}