{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:50:19Z","timestamp":1787032219566,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"California Digital Library (CDL)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]],"date-time":"2019-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Varicella zoster virus in the adult patient most commonly presents as shingles. Shingles is a painful vesicular eruption localized to a specific dermatome of the body. One of the potential complications of this infection is involvement of the central nervous system causing encephalitis. An increased risk of this complication is associated with the immunocompromised patient. In this case report, we review the history and physical exam findings that should raise clinical suspicion for varicella zoster encephalitis, as well as the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prognosis of this type of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2019.8.43010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T17:53:38Z","timestamp":1572976418000},"page":"380-382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.5811","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jared","family":"Lizzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Marietta, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Marietta, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Jakubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Marietta, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"29705","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Harpaz R, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Seward JF, et al. Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008;57(RR-5):1-30."},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ku CC, Besser J, Abendroth A, et al. Varicella-zoster virus pathogenesis and immunobiology: new concepts emerging from investigations with the SCIDhu mouse model. J Virol. 2005;79:2651.","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.79.5.2651-2658.2005"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Varicella and herpes zoster vaccines: WHO position paper, June 2014. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2014;89(25):265-87."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levin MJ. Varicella-zoster virus and virus DNA in the blood and oropharynx of people with latent or active varicella-zoster virus infections. J Clin Virol. 2014;61(4):487-95.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.012"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Melker H, Berbers G, Hahn\u00e9 S, et al. The epidemiology of varicella and herpes zoster in the Netherlands: implications for varicella zoster virus vaccination. Vaccine. 2006;24(18):3946-52.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.02.017"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen SY, Suaya JA, Li Q, et al. Incidence of herpes zoster in patients with altered immune function. Infection. 2014;42(2):325-34.","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0550-8"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleisher G, Henry W, McSorley M, et al. Life-threatening complications of varicella. Am J Dis Child. 1981;135(10):896-9.","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1981.02130340008004"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Str\u00e1nsk\u00e1 R, Schuurman R, de Vos M, et al. Routine use of a highly automated and internally controlled real-time PCR assay for the diagnosis of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections. J Clin Virol. 2004;30(1):39-44.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2003.08.006"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harbecke R, Oxman MN, Arnold BA, et al. A real-time PCR assay to identify and discriminate among wild-type and vaccine strains of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens, and comparison with the clinical diagnoses. J Med Virol. 2009;81(7):1310-22.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21506"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(3):303-27.","DOI":"10.1086\/589747"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tunkel AR, Glaser CA, Bloch KC, et al. The management of encephalitis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(3):303-27.","DOI":"10.1086\/589747"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gasecki AP and Steg RE. Correlation of early MRI with CT scan, EEG, and CSF: analyses in a case of biopsy-proven herpes simplex encephalitis.\u00a0Eur Neurol. 1991;31(6):372-5.","DOI":"10.1159\/000116696"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidbauer M, Podreka I, Wimberger D, et al. SPECT and MR imaging in herpes simplex encephalitis.\u00a0J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1991;15(5):811-5.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199109000-00016"}],"container-title":["Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T19:00:56Z","timestamp":1573153256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/661614bt"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]},"references-count":13,"issue-title":["Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/cpcem.2019.8.43010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-252X","2474-252X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-252X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2474-252X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,14]]}}}