{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T16:44:49Z","timestamp":1726505089130},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"California Digital Library (CDL)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594252800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder in which the body produces antibodies that destroy platelets, causing an increased risk of bleeding and bruising. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a medication that prevents clot breakdown and is used to treat uncontrolled bleeding.  \n\nCase Report: We present the case of an 11-year-old female with significant epistaxis and hypotension in the emergency department. Traditional therapies were initiated; however, the patient continued to have bleeding and remained hypotensive, so intravenous TXA was given. The patient\u2019s bleeding then resolved.  \n\nConclusion: TXA may be a safe and effective adjunct to traditional therapies for the treatment of life-threatening hemorrhage in ITP patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2020.5.46955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T15:32:10Z","timestamp":1597246330000},"page":"421-423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tranexamic Acid in a Case Report of Life-threatening Nontraumatic Hemorrhage in Immune \nThrombocytopenic Purpura"],"prefix":"10.5811","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Melanie","family":"Randall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Nurse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Gorgonio Memorial Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Banning, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Gorgonio Memorial Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Banning, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"29705","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neunert CE, Buchanan GR, Imbach P, et al. Bleeding manifestations and management of children with persistent and chronic immune thrombocytopenia: data from the Intercontinental Cooperative ITP Study Group (ICIS). Blood. 2013;121(22):4457-62.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-12-466375"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper N. State of the art: how I manage immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol. 2017;177(1):39-54.","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14515"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neunert C, Lim W, Crowther M, et al. The American Society of Hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2011;117(16):4190-207.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-08-302984"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bartholomew JR, Salgia R, Bell WR. Control of bleeding in patients with immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenia with aminocaproic acid. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149(9):1959-61.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1989.00390090039008"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lakshmanan S and Cuker A. Contemporary management of primary immune thrombocytopenia in adults. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10(10):1988-98.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2012.04876.x"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mayer B and Salama A. Successful treatment of bleeding with tranexamic acid in a series of 12 patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Vox Sang. 2017;112(8):767-72.","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12549"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karaaslan F, Karao\u011flu S, Yurdakul E. Reducing intra-articular hemarthrosis after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by the administration of intravenous tranexamic acid: a prospective, randomized controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(11):2720-6.","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515599629"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arantes GC, Pereira RMR, de Melo DB, et al. Effectiveness of tranexamic acid for reducing intraoperative bleeding in palatoplasties: a randomized clinical trial. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2017;45(5):642-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.12.021"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WOMAN Trial Collaborators. Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10084):2105-16.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000524474.98785.13"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishijima DK, Monuteaux MC, Faraoni D, et al. Tranexamic acid use in United States children\u2019s hospitals. J Emerg Med. 2016;50(6):868-74.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.02.004"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a single-center experience. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:181.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00181"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joseph J, Martinez-Devesa P, Bellorini J, et al. Tranexamic acid for patients with nasal haemorrhage (epistaxis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;12:CD004328.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd004328.pub3"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CRASH-2 trial collaborators. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;376:23-32.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(10)60835-5"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCormack PL. Tranexamic acid: a review of its use in the treatment of hyperfibrinolysis. Drugs. 2012;72(5):585-617.","DOI":"10.2165\/11209070-000000000-00000"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Estcourt LJ, Desborough M, Brunskill SJ, et al. Antifibrinolytics (lysine analogues) for the prevention of bleeding in people with haematological disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD009733.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd009733.pub2"}],"container-title":["Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T15:14:25Z","timestamp":1600269265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/3205x12m"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"references-count":15,"issue-title":["Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/cpcem.2020.5.46955","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-252X","2474-252X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2474-252X"},{"type":"print","value":"2474-252X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]}}}