{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:31:05Z","timestamp":1784194265452,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"California Digital Library (CDL)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Fever and rash is a common pediatric presentation to the emergency department but can present a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. Here we report the successful identification and treatment of a rare zoonotic exanthem that was facilitated by a thorough history and physical exam.\nCase Report: Rat-bite fever is a potentially fatal systemic illness characterized by relapsing fever, rash, and migratory polyarthralgias. Treatment includes antibiotics for Streptobacillus moniliformis, the most common pathogen, as well as appropriate hygiene education and prevention strategies. We report a case of S. moniliformis in the absence of an actual rodent bite.\nConclusion: Due to the generally non-specific presentation of the illness, as well as the growing trend of caring for domestic rodents, it is crucial that clinicians ask details related to zoonotic and other exposures while obtaining medical histories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2021.5.51412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T06:03:18Z","timestamp":1637301798000},"page":"407-411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rat-bite Fever: A Rare Diagnosis for a Common Pediatric Presentation: Case Report"],"prefix":"10.5811","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Anthony","family":"Edholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hackensack University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hackensack, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Heyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sondra","family":"Nemetski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph M. Sanzari Children\u2019s Hospital, Hackensack Meridian Health, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Hackensack, New Jersey; Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nutley, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"29705","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Adam JK, Varan AK, Pong AL, et al. Notes from the field: fatal rat-bite fever in a child - San Diego County, California, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(50):1210-1."},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Graves MH and Janda JM. Rat-bite fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis): a potential emerging disease. Int J Infect Dis. 2001;5(3):151-4.","DOI":"10.1016\/s1201-9712(01)90090-6"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elliott SP. Rat bite fever and Streptobacillus moniliformis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007;20(1):13-22.","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00016-06"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown CM, Tsai G, Sanchez-Flores X. Oh rats! Fever, rash and arthritis in a young woman. BMJ Case Rep. 2015;bcr2015212240.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-212240"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wullenweber M. Streptobacillus moniliformis--a zoonotic pathogen. Taxonomic considerations, host species, diagnosis, therapy, geographical distribution. Lab Anim. 1995;29(1):1-15.","DOI":"10.1258\/002367795780740375"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khatchadourian K, Ovetchkine P, Minodier P, et al. The rise of the rats: a growing paediatric issue. Paediatr Child Health. 2010;15(3):131-4.","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/15.3.131"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"American Pet Products Association. Pet industry market size, trends & ownership statistics. 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.americanpetproducts.org\/press_industrytrends.asp. Accessed April 22, 2021."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Veterinary Medical Association. AVMA Pet Ownership and Demographics Sourcebook 2017-2018 Edition. 2018. Available at: https:\/\/www.avma.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/AVMA-Pet-Demographics-Executive-Summary.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2021.","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1713"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rat-bite fever (RBF). 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/rat-bite-fever\/transmission\/index.html Accessed July 16, 2020."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang NY and Osowicki J. Rat-bite fever in a child without a bite. Arch Dis Child. 2021;106(7):652.","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320327"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crews JD, Palazzi DL, Starke JR. A teenager with fever, rash, and arthralgia. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(12):1165-6.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.1604"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Giorgiutti S and Lefebvre N. Rat bite fever. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(18):1762.","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmicm1905921"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Signs and SYMPTOMS OF RAT-BITE FEVER. 2019. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/rat-bite-fever\/symptoms\/index.html. Accessed July 16, 2020."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker JW and Reyes LB. Rat Bite Fever: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019;35(2):e28.","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000956"}],"container-title":["Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T06:05:42Z","timestamp":1637301942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/7fb870dr"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"references-count":14,"issue-title":["Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5811\/cpcem.2021.5.51412","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-252X","2474-252X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-252X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2474-252X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]}}}