{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:36:44Z","timestamp":1787812604927,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"California Digital Library (CDL)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WestJEM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The optimal method to train novice learners to perform endotracheal intubation (ETI) is unknown. The study objective was to compare two models: unembalmed cadaver vs simulation manikin. \n\nMethods: Fourth-year medical students, stratified by baseline ETI experience, were randomized 1:1 to train on a cadaver or simulation manikin. Students were tested and video recorded on a separate cadaver; two reviewers, blinded to the intervention, assessed the videos. Primary outcome was time to successful ETI, analyzed with a Cox proportional hazards model. Authors also compared percentage of glottic opening (POGO), number of ETI attempts, learner confidence, and satisfaction.\n\nResults: Of 97 students randomized, 78 were included in the final analysis. Median time to ETI did not differ significantly (hazard ratio [HR] 1.1; 95% CI [confidence interval], 0.7-1.8): cadaver group = 34.5 seconds (interquartile ratio [IQR]: 23.3-55.8) vs manikin group = 35.5 seconds (IQR: 23.8-80.5), with no difference in first-pass success (odds ratio [OR] = 1; 95% CI, 0.1-7.5) or median POGO: 80% cadaver vs 90% manikin (95% CI, -14-34%). Satisfaction was higher for cadavers (median difference = 0.5; p = 0.002; 95% CI, 0-1) as was change in student confidence (median difference = 0.5; p = 0.03; 95% CI, 0-1). Students rating their confidence a 5 (\u201cextremely confident\u201d) demonstrated decreased time to ETI (HR = 4.2; 95% CI, 1.0-17.2).\n\nConclusion: Manikin and cadaver training models for ETI produced similar time to ETI, POGO, and first-pass success. Cadaver training was associated with increased student satisfaction and confidence; subjects with the highest confidence level demonstrated decreased time to ETI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2019.10.44522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T19:04:40Z","timestamp":1578078280000},"page":"108-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Teaching Endotracheal Intubation Using a Cadaver Versus a Manikin-based Model: a Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.5811","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"Pedigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Torrance, California; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Tolles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Torrance, California; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daena","family":"Watcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Torrance, California; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Kaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Torrance, California; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Torrance, California; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"29705","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Konrad C, Schupfer G, Wietlisbach M, et al. 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