{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T12:28:12Z","timestamp":1763468892951,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Brieflands","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brieflands.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anesth Pain Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) has become popular over the years due to its safety and low invasiveness. This surgery can be performed with different anesthesia techniques; however, the extent to which the surgeon and patient are satisfied with the analgesia is debatable. Objectives: This study investigated the efficiency of the S1 transforaminal epidural block. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 60 patients with L4 - L5 lumbar disc herniation who underwent PTED under the S1 transforaminal epidural block. All patients had clinical symptoms associated with unilateral radiculopathy and were candidates for surgery. Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopy and S1 epidural block were performed by a surgeon for all patients. Results: Of the 60 evaluated cases, 61.7% and 38.3% were female and male, respectively, with a mean age of 42.98 \u00b1 10.79 years. The mean pain score before surgery was 7.83 \u00b1 0.69, which decreased to 2.58 \u00b1 0.65 during surgery and 0.50 \u00b1 0.50 48 hours after surgery (P &lt; 0.001). The mean duration of operation in these patients was 58.58 \u00b1 16.95 minutes, and the mean onset time was 10.08 \u00b1 3.12 minutes. Moreover, the mean bleeding was 124.17 \u00b1 25.20 cc. Conclusions: The PTED with S1 epidural anesthesia is a simple, safe, and effective method that causes good analgesia during the operation and cooperates well with the surgeon in neurological monitoring due to patient consciousness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm-131746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T05:17:35Z","timestamp":1689398255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/crossmark_update_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["S1 Transforaminal Epidural Anesthesia in Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy: A Case-Series Study"],"prefix":"10.5812","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8526-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed 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