{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:27:11Z","timestamp":1784647631912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Brieflands","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brieflands.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Iran J Pharm Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing globally. Daunorubicin (DNR), an anthracycline antibiotic, is effective against various cancers. The PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway is crucial in regulating cell growth and cancer growth. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of liposomal daunorubicin (Lip-DNR) on cell proliferation and cell death induction in HCT116 cells compared to free daunorubicin. Methods: Lip-DNR was synthesized, and its shape and size were analyzed using FE-SEM imaging. HCT116 cells were treated with Lip-DNR concentrations of 0 (control), 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 \u03bcm for 48 hours to determine the IC50. The effects of free (0.5 \u03bcm) and liposomal DNR (IC50 of 0.43 \u03bcm) on PI3K mRNA levels were assessed using real-time PCR. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: FE-SEM imaging showed that the liposomes are spherical and range from 50 - 100 nm in size. Lip-DNR induced cell death in HCT116 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with 0.5 \u03bcm Lip-DNR causing more cell death than an equivalent concentration of free DNR. Analysis of PI3K gene expression showed that DNR decreases PI3K gene transcription in HCT116 cells, with Lip-DNR having a more substantial effect than the free form. Both forms reduced the proportion of G2\/M phase cells, but Lip-DNR was more effective at inhibiting cell proliferation in HCT116 cells. Conclusions: DNR inhibits the proliferation of HCT116 cells by downregulating PI3K gene expression and enhancing cell death, with the liposomal form demonstrating stronger effects than the free form.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpr-144287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T04:16:50Z","timestamp":1716956210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/crossmark_update_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Investigation of the Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects of Liposomal Daunorubicin on Human Colorectal Cancer (HCT116) Cell Line"],"prefix":"10.5812","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3307-9511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noorulhuda","family":"Alaa Hadi-al-Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7656-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0305-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shohre","family":"Zare Karizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3819","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"key-A144287REF1-1","first-page":"2727","volume":"29","author":"Triantafillidis\u00a0JK","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Anticancer Res."},{"key":"key-A144287REF2-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310912"},{"key":"key-A144287REF3-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.02.026"},{"key":"key-A144287REF4-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14071732"},{"key":"key-A144287REF5-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202000131"},{"key":"key-A144287REF6-6","first-page":"197","author":"Klein\u00a0K","year":"2013","journal-title":"J VU Research Portal."},{"key":"key-A144287REF7-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2013.00143"},{"key":"key-A144287REF8-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235672"},{"key":"key-A144287REF9-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0459"},{"key":"key-A144287REF10-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0230-8"},{"key":"key-A144287REF11-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.5.2181-2189.2004"},{"key":"key-A144287REF12-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113642"},{"key":"key-A144287REF13-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13081870"},{"key":"key-A144287REF14-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2012.01567.x"},{"key":"key-A144287REF15-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-2952(98)00307-4"},{"issue":"10","key":"key-A144287REF16-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00599.x","volume":"15","author":"Jaffrezou\u00a0JP","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"issue":"5","key":"key-A144287REF17-17","first-page":"901","volume":"46","author":"Zaleskis\u00a0G","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Molecular pharmacology."},{"issue":"12","key":"key-A144287REF18-18","first-page":"5271","volume":"32","author":"Stojak\u00a0M","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anticancer Res."},{"key":"key-A144287REF19-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5377-y"},{"key":"key-A144287REF20-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601446"},{"key":"key-A144287REF21-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.146.5.905"},{"key":"key-A144287REF22-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.045625"},{"key":"key-A144287REF23-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2142"},{"key":"key-A144287REF24-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1902"},{"key":"key-A144287REF25-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-275305"},{"issue":"2","key":"key-A144287REF26-26","first-page":"115","volume":"29","author":"Chikayama\u00a0S","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Haematologia."},{"key":"key-A144287REF27-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2012.02.017"},{"key":"key-A144287REF28-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2010.03.012"},{"key":"key-A144287REF29-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200342050-00002"}],"container-title":["Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/brieflands.com\/articles\/ijpr-144287","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/brieflands.com\/articles\/ijpr-144287","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T11:05:05Z","timestamp":1762167905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/brieflands.com\/journals\/ijpr\/articles\/144287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]}},"alternative-id":["746d8b46d56f9b4107258916e496e89c9e894415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/ijpr-144287","relation":{},"ISSN":["1735-0328","1726-6890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1735-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1726-6890","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-4-21","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-4-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Article is imported on 2024-05-29 08:16:11 by user ID: 221087.","name":"import","label":"Import","group":{"name":"import_history","label":"Import History"}}]}}