{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:16:18Z","timestamp":1792167378971,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Brieflands","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brieflands.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Iran J Pharm Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Arctium lappa L. is a well-known medicinal herb recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of various diseases. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the protective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of A. lappa root in complete Freund\u2019s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Methods: Arthritis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats through a single subcutaneous CFA injection into the right hind paws. After induction, the animals were orally administered A. lappa at doses of 200 and 400 mg\/kg, or prednisolone (as a reference drug), for a duration of 30 days. Blood and ankle joint samples were collected for analysis. The anti-arthritic effects were assessed through nociceptive behavioral tests, paw edema, body weight measurements, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and histopathological evaluations. Results: The A. lappa root extract significantly improved body weight and reduced thermal hyperalgesia, as well as decreased paw edema in a dose-dependent manner (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, A. lappa reduced inflammatory cytokines and increased antioxidant defenses in the serum of all treated rats (P &lt; 0.05 to P &lt; 0.001). Histologically, A. lappa notably restored the ankle joint architecture compared to untreated arthritic rats (P &lt; 0.05 to P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that A. lappa has significant anti-arthritic potential by reducing inflammatory cytokines and enhancing serum antioxidant levels, which supports its traditional use in the management of joint diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpr-162189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T08:49:56Z","timestamp":1753692596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/crossmark_update_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Role of &lt;i&gt;Arctium lappa&lt;\/i&gt; L. Root (Burdock) Extract in CFA-induced Arthritis Rat Model: Impact on Antioxidant Activity and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.5812","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Hosein","family":"Farzaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arezoo","family":"Moini Jazani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Salimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Shafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hosna","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Hashemnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad 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