{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T06:46:15Z","timestamp":1762670775841,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Brieflands","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brieflands.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Iran J Pharm Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Diarthron iranica (family: Thymelaeaceae), a medicinal plant native to Iran, contains a variety of beneficial phytochemicals, among which phenolic compounds with a spectrum of health-promoting activities hold a special place. Objectives: This study deals with the isolation and identification of the main phenolic compounds from D. iranica and investigates their inhibitory potential against \u03b1-amylase, an important enzyme in glucose metabolism, using in silico and in vitro approaches. Methods: The purification procedure was accomplished employing chromatographic methods, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures were determined using spectroscopic techniques: NMR (1H, 13C, DEPT), mass spectrometry (MS), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The in vitro \u03b1-amylase inhibition was performed in triplicate across seven concentrations (0.30 - 2.80 mg\/mL) using the DNS colorimetric method. Molecular docking simulations were conducted using AutoDock 4.2, with ten conformations generated per ligand. Results: Several phenolic derivatives, including 5-[(\u03b2)-D-xylopyranoside-(1'''\u21926'')-\u03b2-D-glucopyranoside] 7-Methoxy apigenin (yuankanin, 1), 6'-Methoxy-7'-hydroxy-3'-O-7-bicoumarin (daphnoretin, 2), 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7, 9\u2019:7\u2019, 9-diepoxylignan known as pinoresinol (3), and kusunokinin (4) with 3',4'-dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxydibenzyl butyrolactone structure were isolated and identified. In an \u03b1-amylase inhibition assay, compounds 1 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1.32 mg\/mL and 1.81 mg\/mL, respectively, compared to the reference compound luteolin (IC50 = 0.63 mg\/mL), indicating effective but relatively weaker inhibition. Compound 2 demonstrated the strongest inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.71 mg\/mL, surpassing compounds 1 and 3. Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 1 had a superior binding free energy of -7.13 kcal\/mol, forming stable interactions through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces within the enzyme\u2019s binding site. Compound 3 showed a slightly lower binding energy of -6.43 kcal\/mol with fewer stabilizing interactions. However, compound 2 demonstrated poor performance in the docking assay, despite its potent inhibitory activity in the \u03b1-amylase assay. Conclusions: The phytochemical analysis carried out on the aerial parts of D. iranica yielded the identification and characterization of four phenolic compounds, including a methoxy apigenin glycoside (1), one bicoumarin (2), and two lignans (3-4). Molecular docking studies indicated that compound 1 exhibited superior inhibitory potential compared to compound 3, with stable interactions in the enzyme\u2019s binding site. In \u03b1-amylase inhibitory assays, these compounds displayed varying levels of activity, with compound 2 showing the highest potency (IC50 = 0.71 mg\/mL), followed by compounds 1 (IC50 = 1.32 mg\/mL) and 3 (IC50 = 1.81 mg\/mL). However, all were less effective than the reference compound luteolin (IC50 = 0.63 mg\/mL), which demonstrated superior efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpr-164807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T06:43:31Z","timestamp":1762670611000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/crossmark_update_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phenolic Compounds from &lt;i&gt;Diarthron iranica&lt;\/i&gt;: Enzymatic and in Silico Insights Into \u03b1-Amylase Inhibitory 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