{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:12:39Z","timestamp":1783775559714,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Brieflands","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781395200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brieflands.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Iran J Pharm Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Rhenium-188 (188Re) is a high-energy \u03b2--emitting radionuclide with favorable physical and chemical properties for targeted radionuclide therapy and theranostic applications. In this study, a novel sulfur- and nitrogen-containing chelator, methoxy amido xanthate (MAX), was synthesized and evaluated for efficient radiolabeling with 188Re. In a second step, radiolabeling of the alendronate bisphosphonate was assessed for potential theranostic applications in bone metastases. Objectives: This study aimed to synthesize and characterize the MAX ligand, optimize its radiolabeling with 188Re, and evaluate the association between the 188Re-MAX complex and alendronate. Methods: The ligand was prepared by reacting chloroacetamide with xanthate derivatives and was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Radiolabeling was performed using generator-eluted sodium perrhenate (188ReO4-) under reducing conditions using stannous chloride and ascorbic acid. Key parameters affecting labeling efficiency, including ligand concentration, pH, reducing agent amount, and the effect of ascorbic acid as a stabilizing agent, were systematically optimized. Radiochemical purity was assessed by instant thin-layer chromatography (ITLC). In the second step, varying amounts of alendronate were added to 188Re-MAX under optimal conditions at 100\u00b0C for 30 minutes, and radiochemical purity was measured to determine the optimal alendronate amount. Results: Under optimal conditions (pH 5 - 6), radiochemical yields exceeding 98% were achieved at 100\u00b0C (80 - 100 mCi of 188Re, 12 mg MAX, 6 mg SnCl2, and 4 mg ascorbic acid) for 188Re-MAX. These findings indicate that the MAX ligand forms a stable complex with 188Re and represents a promising platform for the development of therapeutic and theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. For 188Re-MAX-alendronate, 96% radiochemical purity was achieved by adding 8 mg of alendronate to the mixture at pH 5 - 6. Conclusions: A novel MAX ligand was successfully synthesized and radiolabeled with 188Re under mild conditions. Alendronate was also labeled using 188Re-MAX. High radiochemical yields and purity were achieved by optimizing key labeling parameters. Given the favorable physical characteristics of 188Re and the strong chelation observed, the 188Re-MAX complex is a viable candidate for the development of therapeutic and theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. The 188Re-MAX complex demonstrated favorable radiochemical properties and warrants further biological evaluation, including toxicity, stability, biodistribution, and dosimetric studies, before therapeutic application can be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpr-171671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T12:40:44Z","timestamp":1783773644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/crossmark_update_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis of Methoxy Amido Xanthate Ligand and Preliminary Rhenium-188 Radiolabeling Studies"],"prefix":"10.5812","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Ashrfi Goudarzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Salehi Barough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Moghaddam-Banaem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Kakaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Johari Daha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3819","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF1-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2017.07.062"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF2-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2008.09.003"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF3-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/18744710113066660023"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF4-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CC41554F"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF5-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57580-3_5"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF6-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.2c00173"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF7-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2533\/chimia.2020.953"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF8-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118854754.ch6"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF9-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712800609751"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF10-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2013.06.015"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF11-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115411"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF12-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874471011205030228"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF13-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24200\/nst.2022.1039.1701"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF14-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2016.04.004"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF15-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2014.10.001"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF16-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-020-07195-5"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF17-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2014.01.022"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF18-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(89)90022-0"}],"container-title":["Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/brieflands.com\/journals\/ijpr\/articles\/171671","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/brieflands.com\/journals\/ijpr\/articles\/171671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T12:40:45Z","timestamp":1783773645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/brieflands.com\/journals\/ijpr\/articles\/171671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]}},"alternative-id":["608a1f75e328d0f5daea1c80c46077842c88eaa3"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/ijpr-171671","relation":{},"ISSN":["1726-6890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1726-6890","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]}}}