{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T16:05:09Z","timestamp":1789488309421,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Brieflands","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brieflands.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Iran J Pharm Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Acrylamide (ACR) is a ubiquitous contaminant present in environmental and dietary sources and is formed particularly in starchy foods during high-temperature processing. Prolonged exposure to ACR is associated with testicular dysfunction mediated by oxidative injury, inflammatory responses, and apoptotic cell death. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) represent a sustainable source of bioactive lipids, notably lauric acid, which has recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Importantly, BSFL can be cultivated on organic waste, converting low-value materials into lipid-enriched biomass with therapeutic potential, consistent with the principles of the circular economy. Objectives: This study was designed, for the first time, to investigate the protective potential of a chemically characterized n-hexane extract of BSFL against acrylamide-induced testicular toxicity in a rat model. Methods: Thirty-five adult male Wistar rats were allocated to five experimental groups (n = 7 per group): vehicle control, ACR (20 mg\/kg), ACR plus BSFL180 (180 mg\/kg), ACR plus BSFL360 (360 mg\/kg), and BSFL360 alone. All treatments were administered orally for 28 consecutive days. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured. Testicular specimens were analyzed for oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], reduced glutathione [GSH]), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2), and apoptosis-related proteins (Nrf2, Bcl-2, Bax). Histological assessment was performed using H&amp;E staining. Results: ACR administration markedly reduced serum FSH, LH, and DHT levels; increased MDA and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; suppressed antioxidant enzyme activities and GSH content; and induced severe histopathological damage. Co-administration of BSFL extract, particularly at 360 mg\/kg, dose-dependently counteracted these detrimental effects. Western blot analysis showed that BSFL extract upregulated Nrf2 and Bcl-2 expression while downregulating Bax, thereby restoring the Bax\/Bcl-2 balance. The extract alone produced no adverse effects. Conclusions: The n-hexane extract of BSFL exerts substantial protective effects against ACR-induced testicular toxicity by restoring hormonal balance, mitigating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation, and modulating Nrf2 and Bax\/Bcl-2 signaling. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of BSFL as a sustainable, cost-effective natural product within a circular bioeconomy framework and a novel approach to preventing chemically induced testicular injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpr-173454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:29:57Z","timestamp":1789486197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/crossmark_update_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Protective Effect of a Well-Characterized n-Hexane Extract of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (&lt;i&gt;Hermetia illucens&lt;\/i&gt;) Against Acrylamide-Induced Testicular Damage in Male Rats: A Histopathological, Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, and Molecular 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