{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:53:01Z","timestamp":1789487581324,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Brieflands","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["brieflands.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Iran J Pharm Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly hazardous mycotoxin commonly detected in contaminated food supplies and poses serious health risks to both humans and animals. Although its hepatotoxic effects are well established, the kidney, a principal organ for toxin elimination, remains highly susceptible to AFB1-induced injury through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptotic cell death. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) oil, characterized by a high content of medium-chain fatty acids and other bioactive lipids, represents a sustainable and promising source of naturally derived antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the renoprotective potential of the n-hexane BSFL extract against AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model, with particular emphasis on elucidating the involvement of Nrf2-driven antioxidant pathways and BAX\/Bcl2-regulated apoptotic signaling. Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were allocated to five experimental groups: control, AFB1 (75 \u00b5g\/kg), BSFL (360 mg\/kg), AFB1 + BSFL180, and AFB1 + BSFL360. After a 28-day treatment period, renal function indicators (BUN, creatinine, uric acid), oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, NF-\u03baB), and apoptosis-related proteins (Nrf2, BAX, Bcl2) were evaluated. Histopathological assessments were also performed to examine tubular necrosis, glomerular damage, and inflammatory infiltration. Results: AFB1 exposure resulted in marked increases in BUN, creatinine, uric acid, MDA, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, NF-\u03baB, and BAX levels, along with significant decreases in SOD, CAT, GSH, Nrf2, and Bcl2 (P &lt; 0.001). Co-administration of BSFL extract, particularly at the higher dose (360 mg\/kg), effectively reversed these alterations and restored the BAX\/Bcl2 ratio toward normal values. Histological examination corroborated these biochemical improvements by showing reduced tubular necrosis, glomerular injury, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the extract-treated groups. Conclusions: These findings indicate that BSFL extract confers substantial renoprotection against AFB1-induced kidney injury through the coordinated regulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense and BAX\/Bcl2-dependent apoptotic pathways. The absence of intrinsic toxicity, together with the sustainable and eco-friendly production of BSFL oil, underscores its potential as a promising natural therapeutic candidate for mitigating mycotoxin-associated nephrotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpr-173736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T14:55:19Z","timestamp":1789484119000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/crossmark_update_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nrf2\/BAX\/Bcl2 Signaling Crosstalk and Histopathological Correlates of Renoprotection by Black Soldier Fly Larval Oil Against Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Kidney Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.5812","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yalda","family":"Arast","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-8870","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fateme","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran, Qom, Iran"},{"name":"Department of anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3819","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF1-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13850"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF2-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2024.153983"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF3-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/OJVR.v91i1.2133"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF4-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13316"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF5-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081268"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF6-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02111-0"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF7-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010024"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF8-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21267"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF9-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.03.058"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF10-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X221105441"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF11-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su151310383"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF12-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2024.518-526"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF13-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/efd2.58"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF14-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020519"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF15-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1977.171.09.842"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF16-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF17-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2220649"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF18-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF19-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(59)90090-6"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF20-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(78)90342-1"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF21-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(71)80319-8"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF22-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.9.4350"},{"key":"key-AARTICLEREF23-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4226-3.00010-X"}],"container-title":["Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/brieflands.com\/journals\/ijpr\/articles\/173736.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/brieflands.com\/journals\/ijpr\/articles\/173736","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/brieflands.com\/journals\/ijpr\/articles\/173736.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T14:55:20Z","timestamp":1789484120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/brieflands.com\/journals\/ijpr\/articles\/173736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]}},"alternative-id":["095c1094f5f43ebd1d320c9714d2ebb3e833f3bc"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/ijpr-173736","relation":{},"ISSN":["1726-6890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1726-6890","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]}}}