{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"institution":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03mb6wj31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.isni.org\/000000041937028X","id-type":"ISNI","asserted-by":"publisher"},{"id":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1640731","id-type":"wikidata","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","acronym":["UPC"]}],"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T17:58:46Z","timestamp":1770055126497,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>La ausencia es el protagonista contempor\u00e1neo de las metr\u00f3polis. No obstante, ante la invitaci\u00f3n de varios autores se verific\u00f3 que no se hab\u00eda  interpretado todav\u00eda una metr\u00f3poli concreta averiguando las circunstancias de ocurrencia de los espacios desocupados. Hab\u00eda que justificar que los espacios desocupados realmente determinan varios estadios de evoluci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica hacia una condici\u00f3n efectivamente metropolitana y elegir una metr\u00f3poli donde esa premisa fuera incuestionable, lo que sucede en la  de Lisboa, que se constituye alrededor de un gran espacio central desocupado: el Estuario del Tejo. El transcurso de la investigaci\u00f3n determin\u00f3 un abordaje de estructura muy simple y extraordinariamente flexible.&lt;br\/&gt;La reflexi\u00f3n sobre la formaci\u00f3n metropolitana de Lisboa desde lo desocupado se organiz\u00f3 en cinco momentos significativos en los que a partir de tres claves - el agua, la tierra, la creaci\u00f3n artificial-se identificaron morfolog\u00edas de espacios desocupados, utilizando los mismos criterios conceptuales, expresados seg\u00fan id\u00e9nticos criterios cartogr\u00e1ficos. Razonando los motivos y las formas de ocupaci\u00f3n y el modo c\u00f3mo se interrelacionan se caracteriza no s\u00f3lo la metr\u00f3poli de Lisboa actual sino tendencias inmediatas de desarrollo. &lt;br\/&gt;Adem\u00e1s, se pudo verificar como los tres elementos se relacionaron entre s\u00ed caracterizando el estado territorial as\u00ed como cada uno, a lo largo del tiempo, se fue adaptando a las circunstancias de la propia formaci\u00f3n metropolitana:&lt;br\/&gt;1.\t1860 | el fundamento de la metr\u00f3poli: las formas del agua y de la tierra eran en este per\u00edodo las m\u00e1s determinantes de la formaci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica, resultando directamente de ellas la creaci\u00f3n artificial que definitivamente marc\u00f3 las evoluciones subsecuentes;&lt;br\/&gt;2.\t1940 | la base infraestructural de la metr\u00f3poli: el territorio donde se estaban empezando a formar las pautas de la futura metr\u00f3poli de Lisboa se transforma a partir de las grandes l\u00edneas infraestructuradas, con particular incidencia para el ferrocarril y el puerto de Lisboa;&lt;br\/&gt;3.\t1965 | el espacio m\u00e1quina: empez\u00f3 a formarse una conurbaci\u00f3n pre-metropolitana as\u00ed como la explotaci\u00f3n intensiva del territorio, implicando una funcionalizaci\u00f3n del espacio expresada en las formas de m\u00e1xima producci\u00f3n;&lt;br\/&gt;4.\t1992 | una metr\u00f3poli de oportunidades: se estaba ante el primer estado realmente metropolitano cuando se asisti\u00f3 a una renovaci\u00f3n de las oportunidades del suelo comparativamente al per\u00edodo anterior;&lt;br\/&gt;5.\t2001 | una transformaci\u00f3n supra-metropolitana: la integraci\u00f3n en las redes de rangos superiores determin\u00f3 una reducci\u00f3n aparentemente homog\u00e9nea del espacio desocupado lo que contribuye para un paisaje indiferente y de pocos referentes urbanos.&lt;br\/&gt;El an\u00e1lisis de cada per\u00edodo mostr\u00f3 una estructura territorial en progreso, desde su fundamento hasta su condici\u00f3n actual de integrante en una formaci\u00f3n supra metropolitana. Result\u00f3 que a cada estado correspondi\u00f3 una lectura perfectamente aut\u00f3noma pero cuya secuencia temporal explica la actual configuraci\u00f3n de la metr\u00f3poli de Lisboa desde los espacios desocupados y permite enunciar algunas tendencias de evoluci\u00f3n. El conocimiento progresivo de la formaci\u00f3n de la metr\u00f3poli permiti\u00f3 justificadamente cualificarla en cada momento, mostrando que el espacio desocupado es su determinante esencial en el territorio de Lisboa.&lt;br\/&gt;Esta contribuci\u00f3n tiene un particular inter\u00e9s porque propone una interpretaci\u00f3n innovadora de un territorio concreto a partir de la caracterizaci\u00f3n del espacio que no se ocupa, fundament\u00e1ndose en una metodolog\u00eda propia.&lt;br\/&gt;La utilizaci\u00f3n de algunas t\u00e9cnicas GIS aplicadas a un territorio espec\u00edfico permite constituir una cartograf\u00eda in\u00e9dita sobre el tema, con potencialidades de uso futuro, as\u00ed como un detallado archivo cartogr\u00e1fico sobre el territorio en estudio. La metodolog\u00eda y conclusiones pueden, eventualmente, ser aplicadas a la interpretaci\u00f3n de otras metr\u00f3polis.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Absence is the contemporary protagonist in the metropolis. Nevertheless, no author has attempted to interpret a concrete metropolis from this point of view, examining the circumstances in which unoccupied spaces occur. It would be necessary to show that unoccupied spaces really determine the various stages of urban development that lead to an effectively metropolitan status and also to choose a metropolis where this premise is unquestionable. Such a premise is true of Lisbon, which is formed around a large unoccupied central space: the Tagus Estuary. The progress of the research determined a simply and extraordinarily flexibly structured approach.&lt;br\/&gt;Analysis of the metropolitan formation of Lisbon around the unoccupied is based on five significant moments in which three principles - water, land, and artificial creation - are used to identify morphologies of unoccupied spaces, using the same conceptual criteria, expressed according to identical cartographic criteria. Considering the motives and forms of occupation, as well as how they inter-relate with each other, the metropolis of Lisbon is not only described, but trends for future development are also outlined.&lt;br\/&gt;This reading matrix made it possible to establish an analytic criterion which was coherent at all stages of metropolitan development discussed here. In addition, it was possible to see how the three elements related to each other, characterising the territory as a whole, as well as how each element over time has adapted to the circumstances of the metropolitan formation itself:&lt;br\/&gt;6.\t1860 | the founding of the metropolis: the shapes of water and land were the main factors determining formation, resulting directly in the artificial creation which definitively marked later development of the ways of occupying territory;&lt;br\/&gt;7.\t1940 | the infrastructural base of the territory: the territory where the lines of development of the future metropolis of Lisbon were taking shape was transformed by large-scale infrastructures, particularly the railways and the port of Lisbon;&lt;br\/&gt;8.\t1965 | the machine-space: a pre-metropolitan conurbation began to be formed, and territory began to be more intensively exploited, involving functionalisation of space expressed in maximum-productivity forms;&lt;br\/&gt;9.\t1992 | a metropolis of opportunities: this was when Lisbon first achieved real metropolitan status, with renewal of land-use opportunities in comparison with the foregoing period;&lt;br\/&gt;10.\t2001 | a supra-metropolitan transformation: insertion into larger networks has led to an apparently homogeneous reduction of unoccupied space, which contributes to an undifferentiated landscape and few urban reference-points.&lt;br\/&gt;Analysis of each period showed a territorial structure under construction, from its foundation to its current status as part of a supra-metropolitan formation. Each stage has been dealt with in a completely autonomous reading but the time-sequence explains the present configuration of the Lisbon metropolis around unoccupied spaces, and allows us to draw some conclusions concerning the trend of future development. Progressive knowledge of the formation of the metropolis has made it possible to describe and classify it at every stage, showing that unoccupied space is the essential determining factor in the territory of Lisbon.&lt;br\/&gt;This study is particularly interesting because it proposes an innovative interpretation of a concrete territory starting from a discussion of a space which remains unoccupied, based on a specific methodology. &lt;br\/&gt;The use of some GIS techniques applied to a specific territory also led to the production of new cartography on this theme, with potential future use, together with a new detailed cartographic archive on the territory under analysis. The methodology and conclusions may be used to interpret other metropolitan realities<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5821\/dissertation-2117-94276","type":"dissertation","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T01:26:47Z","timestamp":1696296407000},"approved":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,30]]},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Protagonismo de la ausencia : interpretaci\u00f3n urban\u00edstica de la formaci\u00f3n metropolitana de Lisboa desde lo desocupado"],"prefix":"10.5821","author":[{"sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla Sofia","family":"Alexandrino Pereira Morgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3865","container-title":[],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T06:27:58Z","timestamp":1770013678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2117\/94276"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Mart\u00edn Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5821\/dissertation-2117-94276","relation":{},"subject":[]}}