{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T12:13:44Z","timestamp":1768565624237,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Mattioli1885","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder in which immune dysregulation has been reported as one of the major etiopathological factors. Interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-23 and IL-27 of IL-12 cytokine family were identified as critical cytokines in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases including vitiligo. IL-35 is one of the newest member of IL-12 cytokine family. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to examine serum IL-35 levels in addition to serum IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 levels in the vitiligo patients and control group, and to investigate the relationship of these cytokines with the characteristics of vitiligo. Methods: Serum IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35 levels of 78 vitiligo patients and 70 healthy volunteers were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We compared the IL-12 cytokine family levels in the patient and control groups, and investigated the relationship of these levels with the characteristics of vitiligo. Results:Patients had higher levels of IL-12 (31.2 versus 20.1, P &lt; 0.001) and IL-35 (9.6 versus 8.1, P = 0.031). Patient and control groups had similar levels of IL-23 (P = 0.78) but were correlated with the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) (P = 0.022, r = 0.35). Patients had lower levels of IL-27 (207.6 versus 258.7, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, the levels of serum IL-27 were correlated negatively with the Vitiligo Disease Activity (VIDA), and positively with disease duration (P = 0.007, r = 0.30). Conclusions: Differences of serum levels between Vitiligo patients and healthy controls, significant relationships with the characteristics of vitiligo suggest that the IL-12 cytokine family may play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T12:40:26Z","timestamp":1718628026000},"page":"e2024069","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serum Levels of IL-35, One of the Newest Members of Interleukin-12 Family of Cytokines, in Patients with Vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.5826","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","family":"Hayran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c7i\u011fdem","family":"Y\u00fccel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"F\u0131rat O\u011fuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Funda","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Turan","family":"Turhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ba\u015fak","family":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology, Private Practice, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27750","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alikhan A, Felsten LM, Daly M, Petronic-Rosic V. Vitiligo: a comprehensive overview Part I. Introduction, epidemiology, quality of life, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, associations, histopathology, etiology, and work-up. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(3):473-491. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.061. PMID: 21839315.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.061"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E Ezzedine K, Eleftheriadou V, Jones H, et al. Psychosocial Effects of Vitiligo: A Systematic Literature Review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021;22(6):757-774. DOI: 10.1007\/s40257-021-00631-6. PMID: 34554406. PMCID: PMC8566637.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-021-00631-6"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":". Bergqvist C, Ezzedine K. Vitiligo: A focus on pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications. J Dermatol. 2021;48(3):252-270. DOI: 10.1111\/1346-8138.15743. PMID: 33404102.","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15743"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes IA, de Carvalho FO, de Menezes AF, et al. The role of interleukins in vitiligo: a systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(12):2097-2111. DOI: 10.1111\/jdv.15016. PMID: 29704266.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15016"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vignali DA, Kuchroo VK. IL-12 family cytokines: immunological playmakers. Nat Immunol. 2012;13(8):722-728. DOI: 10.1038\/ni.2366. PMID: 22814351. PMCID: PMC4158817.","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2366"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ringkowski S, Thomas PS, Herbert C. Interleukin-12 family cytokines and sarcoidosis. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:233. DOI: 10.3389\/fphar.2014.00233. PMID: 25386143. PMCID: PMC4209812.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00233"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh A, Das D, Kurra S, Arava S, Gupta S, Sharma A. Dendritic cells and their associated pro-inflammatory cytokines augment to the inflammatory milieu in vitiligo skin. Cytokine. 2021;148:155598. DOI: 10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155598. PMID: 34103210.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155598"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Njoo MD, Das PK, Bos JD, Westerhof W. Association of the K\u00f6bner phenomenon with disease activity and therapeutic responsiveness in vitiligo vulgaris. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135(4):407-413. DOI: 10.1001\/archderm.135.4.407. PMID: 10206047.","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.4.407"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teng MW, Bowman EP, McElwee JJ, et al. IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines: from discovery to targeted therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Nat Med. 2015;21(7):719-729. DOI: 10.1038\/nm.3895. PMID: 26121196.","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3895"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chyuan IT, Lai JH. New insights into the IL-12 and IL-23: From a molecular basis to clinical application in immune-mediated inflammation and cancers. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020;175:113928. DOI: 10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113928. PMID: 32217101.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113928"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gholijani N, Yazdani MR, Dastgheib L. Predominant role of innate pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitiligo disease. Arch Dermatol Res. 2020;312(2):123-131. DOI: 10.1007\/s00403-019-01996-9. PMID: 31620869.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01996-9"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagai H, Hara I, Horikawa T, Oka M, Kamidono S, Ichihashi M. Elimination of CD4(+) T cells enhances anti-tumor effect of locally secreted interleukin-12 on B16 mouse melanoma and induces vitiligo-like coat color alteration. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115(6):1059-1064. DOI: 10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00156.x. PMID: 11121142.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00156.x"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaccaro M, Cannav\u00f2 SP, Imbesi S, et al. Increased serum levels of interleukin-23 circulating in patients with non-segmental generalized vitiligo. Int J Dermatol. 2015;54(6):672-674. DOI: 10.1111\/ijd.12392. PMID: 25427848.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.12392"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieradko-Iwanicka B, Przybylska D, Borz\u0119cki A. A case-control study on immunologic markers of patients with vitiligo. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;156:113785. DOI: 10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113785. PMID: 36244264.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113785"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osman AM, Mukhtar MM, Bakheit KH, Hamdan HZ. Plasma Levels of Interleukin-17, Interleukin-23, and Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 in Sudanese Patients with Vitiligo: A Case-Control Study. Indian J Dermatol. 2015c;60(6):635. DOI: 10.4103\/0019-5154.169136. PMID: 26677292. PMCID: PMC4681218.","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.169136"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotobuki Y, Tanemura A, Yang L, et al. Dysregulation of melanocyte function by Th17-related cytokines: significance of Th17 cell infiltration in autoimmune vitiligo vulgaris. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2012;25(2):219-230. DOI: 10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00945.x. PMID: 22136309.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2011.00945.x"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh RK, Lee KM, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, et al. The role of IL-17 in vitiligo: A review. Autoimmun Rev. 2016;15(4):397-404. DOI: 10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.01.004. PMID: 26804758. PMCID: PMC4769658.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.01.004"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e9ry-Bossard L, Bagny K, Chaby G, et al. New-onset vitiligo and progression of pre-existing vitiligo during treatment with biological agents in chronic inflammatory diseases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(1):181-186. DOI: 10.1111\/jdv.13759. PMID: 27291924.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13759"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elkady A, Bonomo L, Amir Y, Vekaria AS, Guttman-Yassky E. Effective use of ustekinumab in a patient with concomitant psoriasis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. JAAD Case Rep. 2017;3(6):477-479. DOI: 10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.07.009. PMID: 28971137. PMCID: PMC5614637.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2017.07.009"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosseini SM, Gholijani N, Chenari N, Kalantar K. Decreased levels of interleukin 27 in the serum of vitiligo patients. An Bras Dermatol. 2020;95(5):570-574. DOI: 10.1016\/j.abd.2020.02.005. PMID: 32616337. PMCID: PMC7563000.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.02.005"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshida H, Hunter CA. The immunobiology of interleukin-27. Annu Rev Immunol. 2015;33:417-443. DOI: 10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112134. PMID: 25861977.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112134"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, et al. Interleukin-35 in immune-related diseases: protection or destruction. Immunology. 2019;157(1):13-20. DOI: 10.1111\/imm.13044. PMID: 30681737. PMCID: PMC6459776.","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13044"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakkas LI, Mavropoulos A, Perricone C, Bogdanos DP. IL-35: a new immunomodulator in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Immunol Res. 2018;66(3):305-312. DOI: 10.1007\/s12026-018-8998-3. PMID: 29749583.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-018-8998-3"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han M, Li Y, Liu S, Jiang S, Yuan L, Xia L, Shen H, Lu J. Elevation of Serum IL-35 in Patients with Primary Sj\u00f6gren's Syndrome. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2018;38(10):452-456. DOI: 10.1089\/jir.2018.0059. PMID: 30256702.","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2018.0059"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Mai J, Virtue A, Yin Y, Gong R, Sha X, Gutchigian S, Frisch A, Hodge I, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. IL-35 is a novel responsive anti-inflammatory cytokine--a new system of categorizing anti-inflammatory cytokines. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33628. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0033628. PMID: 22438968. PMCID: PMC3306427.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033628"},{"key":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a69_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu F, Song L, Yang N, Li X. Glucocorticoid downregulates expression of IL-12 family cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus. 2013;22(10):1011-1016. DOI: 10.1177\/0961203313498799. PMID: 23884985.","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203313498799"}],"container-title":["Dermatology Practical &amp; Conceptual"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dpcj.org\/index.php\/dpc\/article\/download\/3672\/2690","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dpcj.org\/index.php\/dpc\/article\/download\/3672\/2831","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dpcj.org\/index.php\/dpc\/article\/download\/3672\/2690","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T05:06:50Z","timestamp":1723093610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dpcj.org\/index.php\/dpc\/article\/view\/3672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5826\/dpc.1402a69","relation":{"has-manifestation":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-72-3672-g2690 10.5826\/","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"other","id":"1-72-3672-g2831","asserted-by":"subject"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"other","id":"1-72 10.5826\/","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2160-9381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-9381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"article-number":"13"}}