{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:04:33Z","timestamp":1789729473493,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Mattioli1885","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study evaluated short-term knowledge change and learner perceptions following a virtual reality (VR)-based point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) training program for undergraduate medical students. Methods: A single-center observational pre\u2013post educational evaluation was conducted within an undergraduate POCUS training course at the National University of Singapore. Students completed a self-directed online module followed by a VR simulation session covering cardiac, lung, and eFAST ultrasound. Knowledge was assessed using a 19-item multiple-choice questionnaire administered immediately before and after the VR session. Post-session survey responses assessed learner experience, usability, perceived learning benefit, and adverse effects. Results: Of 290 students who completed the pre-training assessment and participated in the VR session, 275 matched pre\u2013post datasets were available for analysis. Mean MCQ score increased from 0.689 out of 1 (SD 0.162) before training to 0.809 out of 1 (SD 0.153) after training, corresponding to a mean paired improvement of 0.120, or approximately 2.3 additional correct answers out of 19 items (95% CI 0.104 to 0.135; p &lt; 0.001; Cohen\u2019s dz = 0.93). Survey responses demonstrated favorable learner perceptions. Participants reporting adverse effects rated the session as less engaging than those without adverse effects. Conclusions: VR-based POCUS simulation, delivered within a blended learning pathway, was associated with improved immediate MCQ-assessed knowledge and favorable learner perceptions. Further studies should assess effectiveness by practical skills assessment and long-term knowledge retention<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5826\/tuj.2026.19177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:48:23Z","timestamp":1787845703000},"page":"19177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Virtual reality\u2013based POCUS training improves short-term knowledge and learner experience in undergraduate medical students: An observational pre-post study"],"prefix":"10.5826","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Surentheran","family":"Surentheran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Hospital Singapore, Anaesthesia Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Ming Da","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng Ning","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Hospital Singapore, Anaesthesia Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danella","family":"Foo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Hospital Singapore, Anaesthesia Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ne Hooi Will","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Hospital Singapore, Anaesthesia Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashokka","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Hospital Singapore, Anaesthesia Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gene","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Hospital, Emergency Department, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Paranjothy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University Hospital Singapore, Anaesthesia Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27750","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.5826\/tuj.2026.19177_ref1","unstructured":"1. 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