{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:44:41Z","timestamp":1790131481808,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]],"date-time":"2015-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421971200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3219,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bus Ethics Q"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Firms possessing a unique competency to rescue the victims of a human catastrophe have a minimum moral obligation to devote substantial resources toward best efforts to aid the victims. The minimum amount that firms should devote to rescue is the largest sum of their most recent year\u2019s investment in social initiatives, their five-year trend, their industry\u2019s average, or the national average. Financial exigency may justify a lower level of investment. Alternative social investments may be continued if they have an equally compelling rationale. These duties apply to the global pharmaceutical companies in the context of the AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5840\/beq200616222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,25]],"date-time":"2012-07-25T10:21:42Z","timestamp":1343211702000},"page":"185-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Do Firms with Unique Competencies for Rescuing Victims of Human Catastrophes Have Special Obligations? Corporate Responsibility and the Aids Catastrophe in Sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Dunfee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1251450"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9774\/GLEAF.978-1-909493-19-3_7"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref003","unstructured":"Caplan A. 2004. \u201cAIDS Crisis Draws Corporate Attention,\u201d http:\/\/www.businessfightsaids.org\/news_read.asp?sct=2&ID=9217."},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1192229"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref002","volume-title":"Financial Times","author":"Beattie","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref029","first-page":"105","article-title":"The New Corporate Philanthropy","volume":"72","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0007650303042002002"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref013","volume-title":"Protecting the Vulnerable","author":"Goodin","year":"1985"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref008","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Financial Times","author":"Dyer","year":"2002"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref026","volume-title":"What We Owe to Each Other","author":"Scanlon","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref005","volume-title":"Ties That Bind: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics","author":"Donaldson","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.1167"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref015","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Financial Times","author":"Jack","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0007650304263919"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref016","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Financial Times","author":"Jack","year":"2005"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref030","unstructured":"UNAIDS 2004 Report on the Global Aids Epidemic, http:\/\/unaids.org. Executive Summary and Fact Sheet."},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref023","first-page":"16","article-title":"Profit Globally, Give Globally","volume":"81","author":"Quelch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3857591"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref009","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Financial Times","author":"Dyer","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1251902"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref010","volume-title":"The Economic Structure of Corporate Law","author":"Easterbrook","year":"1991"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref011","unstructured":"Friedman M. 1970. \u201cThe Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,\u201d New York Times Magazine (September 13): 32\u201333, 122, 124, 126."},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref021","unstructured":"Porter M. E. , and Kramer M. R. 2002. \u201cThe Competitive Advantage of Corporate Philanthropy,\u201d Harvard Business Review (December): 57\u201368."},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8594.00169"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.1170"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref019","unstructured":"Matten D. , and Crane N. Forthcoming. \u201cCorporate Citizenship: Towards an Extended Theoretical Conceptualization,\u201d Academy of Management Review 24."},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref031","volume-title":"Third New International Dictionary","author":"Webster\u2019s","year":"1976"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref012","unstructured":"Gellman B. 2000. \u201cA Turning Point that Left Millions Behind,\u201d Washington Post (December 28): A01."},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410600622","volume-title":"People and Profits? The Search for a Link Between a Company\u2019s Social and Financial Performance","author":"Margolis","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3857809"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref020","first-page":"997","article-title":"Corporate Charity: An Oxymoron?","volume":"54","author":"Minow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Business Lawyer"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/41166125"},{"key":"S1052150X0001280X_ref001","first-page":"319","article-title":"Governance and Corporate Philanthropy: Restraining Robin Hood?","volume":"41","author":"Bartkus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Business and Society"}],"container-title":["Business Ethics Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1052150X0001280X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T16:26:54Z","timestamp":1556814414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1052150X0001280X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1052150X0001280X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5840\/beq200616222","relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-150X","2153-3326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-150X","type":"print"},{"value":"2153-3326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}}}