{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:41:37Z","timestamp":1772692897550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["RPTEL"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gamification applies game elements, such as points, badges, and leaderboards, to influence people\u2019s motivation to complete certain tasks. One-size-fits-all gamification (OG) uses the same game elements for all users, while adaptive gamification (AG) customizes game elements to align with individual users\u2019 motivations in gamified systems. This study compares the effects of AG (n = 36) and OG (n = 37) on students\u2019 behavioural patterns, \u00a0computational thinking skills, and motivation to learn via a quasi-experiment design. Based on Bartle\u2019s taxonomy of player types, we activated Achiever and Explorer player types by assigning different game elements and challenges and students could choose their own adventures in either learning path. The results showed that AG could significantly enhance students\u2019 actual computational thinking skills compared to OG group. Regarding the behavioural pattern, the connections of \u201cpre-task reading\u201d to \u201cpost-task review\u201d and \u201cjust-in-time learning\u201d to \u201cpost-task review\u201d are the two most common behavioural patterns in AG. The connection of \u201cpost-task review\u201d to \u201cpre-task reading\u201d is the most common behavioural pattern in OG. The two groups present no significant difference in self-reported extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation levels. Participants in the AG setting reported six themes in terms of learning perceptions: (1) setting goals with rewards, (2) competing against self and peers, (3) access to varied challenges, (4) immediate feedback on performance, (5) collaboration and interaction, and (6) engaging narrative and fantasy. This study provides empirical evidence supporting adaptive gamified learning and demonstrates the effectiveness of adaptive gamification in addressing diverse motivational needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.58459\/rptel.2027.22001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T05:26:42Z","timestamp":1772515602000},"page":"001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing learning through adaptive gamification: A comparative study on behavioural patterns, computational thinking skills, and motivation"],"prefix":"10.58459","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shurui","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingxue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"37131","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"container-title":["Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rptel.apsce.net\/index.php\/RPTEL\/article\/download\/2027-22001\/498","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rptel.apsce.net\/index.php\/RPTEL\/article\/download\/2027-22001\/498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T05:26:53Z","timestamp":1772688413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rptel.apsce.net\/index.php\/RPTEL\/article\/view\/2027-22001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58459\/rptel.2027.22001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1793-7078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1793-7078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]}}}