{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:13:57Z","timestamp":1773245637146,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lower recurrence rates and improved long-term outcomes are the goal of treatment for giant cell myocarditis (GCM). We describe a case of GCM in an Asian woman who presented with new onset palpitations and syncope. She initially had normal systolic function by echocardiography with magnetic resonance imaging evidence of infiltrative cardiomyopathy. She underwent implantation of a biventricular assist device (BiVAD) because of rapidly deteriorating hemodynamic status. Giant cell myocarditis was diagnosed at that time by surgical biopsy. She was not treated with immunosuppressive therapy because of low likelihood of recovery and concerns for potential infection with the BiVAD in place. She received a heart transplant 12 months later and had extensive fibrosis but no evidence of active GCM in the heart explant. The role of extended BiVAD support in patients with GCM should be further investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.1.138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T07:02:18Z","timestamp":1613113338000},"page":"138-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Resolution of Giant Cell Myocarditis After Extended Ventricular Assistance"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Shaker M.","family":"Eid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Md (Drs Eid and Schamp); and the Departments of Pathology (Dr Halushka) and Cardiology (Dr Barouch), Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Schamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Md (Drs Eid and Schamp); and the Departments of Pathology (Dr Halushka) and Cardiology (Dr Barouch), Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc K.","family":"Halushka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Md (Drs Eid and Schamp); and the Departments of Pathology (Dr Halushka) and Cardiology (Dr Barouch), Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili A.","family":"Barouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Md (Drs Eid and Schamp); and the Departments of Pathology (Dr Halushka) and Cardiology (Dr Barouch), Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b1","series-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"1","article-title":"Giant cell myocarditis: most fatal of autoimmune diseases.","volume":"30","author":"Rosenstein, E. D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rosenstein, E. D., M. J.Zucker, and N.Kramer. Giant cell myocarditis: most fatal of autoimmune diseases.Semin Arthritis Rheum2000. 30:1\u201316."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b2","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"1326","article-title":"Giant cell versus granulomatous myocarditis.","volume":"26","author":"Tesluk, H.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Tesluk, H.\n          \n          Giant cell versus granulomatous myocarditis.\n          Am J Clin Pathol\n          1956. 26:1326\u20131333."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b3","series-title":"Br Heart J","first-page":"220","article-title":"Isolated myocarditis.","volume":"27","author":"Whitehead, R.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Whitehead, R.\n          \n          Isolated myocarditis.\n          Br Heart J\n          1965. 27:220\u2013230."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b4","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1860","article-title":"Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis\u2014natural history and treatment.","volume":"336","author":"Cooper, L. T. Jr","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cooper, L. T. Jr, G. J.Berry, and R.Shabetai. for the Multicenter Giant Cell Myocarditis Study Group Investigators. Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis\u2014natural history and treatment.N Engl J Med1997. 336:1860\u20131866."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b5","series-title":"Can J Cardiol","first-page":"788","article-title":"Successful treatment of severe heart failure caused by idiopathic giant cell myocarditis.","volume":"8","author":"Desjardins, V.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Desjardins, V., G.Pelletier, T. K.Leung, and D.Waters. Successful treatment of severe heart failure caused by idiopathic giant cell myocarditis.Can J Cardiol1992. 8:788\u2013792."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b6","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"648","article-title":"Histologic and cytokine response to immunosuppression in giant-cell myocarditis.","volume":"128","author":"Levy, N. T.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levy, N. T., L. J.Olson, and C.Weyand. et al. Histologic and cytokine response to immunosuppression in giant-cell myocarditis.Ann Intern Med1998. 128:648\u2013650."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b7","series-title":"Herz","first-page":"291","article-title":"Giant cell myocarditis: diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"25","author":"Cooper, L. T. Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cooper, L. T. Jr\n          \n          Giant cell myocarditis: diagnosis and treatment.\n          Herz\n          2000. 25:291\u2013298."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b8","series-title":"J Card Fail","first-page":"74","article-title":"The role of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy for idiopathic giant cell myocarditis.","volume":"8","author":"Shields, R. C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shields, R. C., H. D.Tazelaar, G. J.Berry, and L. T. JrCooper. The role of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy for idiopathic giant cell myocarditis.J Card Fail2002. 8:74\u201378."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b9","series-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","first-page":"432","article-title":"A case of giant cell myocarditis: bridge to recovery by long-term mechanical circulatory support without immunosuppressive therapy.","volume":"132","author":"Murashita, T.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murashita, T., T.Sugiki, T.Tachibana, T.Kunihara, and H.Sugiki. A case of giant cell myocarditis: bridge to recovery by long-term mechanical circulatory support without immunosuppressive therapy.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg2006. 132:432\u2013433."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b10","series-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","first-page":"278","article-title":"Recovery from giant cell myocarditis with ECMO support and utilisation of polyclonal antithymocyte globulin: a case report.","volume":"54","author":"Ankersmit, H. J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ankersmit, H. J., R.Ullrich, and B.Moser. et al. Recovery from giant cell myocarditis with ECMO support and utilisation of polyclonal antithymocyte globulin: a case report.Thorac Cardiovasc Surg2006. 54:278\u2013280."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b11","series-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant","first-page":"375","article-title":"Recurrence of giant cell myocarditis in cardiac allograft.","volume":"20","author":"Scott, R. L.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scott, R. L., N. B.Ratliff, R. C.Starling, and J. B.Young. Recurrence of giant cell myocarditis in cardiac allograft.J Heart Lung Transplant2001. 20:375\u2013380."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b1","series-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"1","article-title":"Giant cell myocarditis: most fatal of autoimmune diseases.","volume":"30","author":"Rosenstein, E. D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rosenstein, E. D., M. J.Zucker, and N.Kramer. Giant cell myocarditis: most fatal of autoimmune diseases.Semin Arthritis Rheum2000. 30:1\u201316."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b2","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"1326","article-title":"Giant cell versus granulomatous myocarditis.","volume":"26","author":"Tesluk, H.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Tesluk, H.\n          \n          Giant cell versus granulomatous myocarditis.\n          Am J Clin Pathol\n          1956. 26:1326\u20131333."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b3","series-title":"Br Heart J","first-page":"220","article-title":"Isolated myocarditis.","volume":"27","author":"Whitehead, R.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Whitehead, R.\n          \n          Isolated myocarditis.\n          Br Heart J\n          1965. 27:220\u2013230."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b4","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1860","article-title":"Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis\u2014natural history and treatment.","volume":"336","author":"Cooper, L. T. Jr","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cooper, L. T. Jr, G. J.Berry, and R.Shabetai. for the Multicenter Giant Cell Myocarditis Study Group Investigators. Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis\u2014natural history and treatment.N Engl J Med1997. 336:1860\u20131866."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b5","series-title":"Can J Cardiol","first-page":"788","article-title":"Successful treatment of severe heart failure caused by idiopathic giant cell myocarditis.","volume":"8","author":"Desjardins, V.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Desjardins, V., G.Pelletier, T. K.Leung, and D.Waters. Successful treatment of severe heart failure caused by idiopathic giant cell myocarditis.Can J Cardiol1992. 8:788\u2013792."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b6","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"648","article-title":"Histologic and cytokine response to immunosuppression in giant-cell myocarditis.","volume":"128","author":"Levy, N. T.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levy, N. T., L. J.Olson, and C.Weyand. et al. Histologic and cytokine response to immunosuppression in giant-cell myocarditis.Ann Intern Med1998. 128:648\u2013650."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b7","series-title":"Herz","first-page":"291","article-title":"Giant cell myocarditis: diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"25","author":"Cooper, L. T. Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cooper, L. T. Jr\n          \n          Giant cell myocarditis: diagnosis and treatment.\n          Herz\n          2000. 25:291\u2013298."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-1-138-b8","series-title":"J Card Fail","first-page":"74","article-title":"The role of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy for idiopathic giant cell myocarditis.","volume":"8","author":"Shields, R. C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shields, R. C., H. D.Tazelaar, G. J.Berry, and L. T. JrCooper. 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