{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T19:44:30Z","timestamp":1764791070562,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Context.\u2014Endemic pemphigus foliaceus, or fogo selvagem, is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the formation of intraepidermal blisters that reduce adhesion between keratinocytes. Endemic pemphigus foliaceus is associated with the presence of autoantibodies and high levels of cytokines involved in the inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives.\u2014To evaluate the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1, interferon \u03b3, and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1; the proapoptotic inducers Fas and inducible nitric oxide synthase; and the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2; and to evaluate the presence of apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design.\u2014Skin biopsies from 13 patients with endemic pemphigus foliaceus and controls were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase\u2013mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results.\u2014Proinflammatory cytokines were only detected in cells of the inflammatory exudate. Inducible nitric oxide synthase, Fas, and Bcl-2 were expressed by both epithelial and inflammatory cells. Epithelial apoptosis was observed in 12 cases (92.3%), and subepithelial apoptosis in 11 cases (85%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions.\u2014This study suggests that apoptosis as well as the local production of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with endemic pemphigus foliaceus lesions. These results may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches to endemic pemphigus foliaceus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.1.97","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T07:59:24Z","timestamp":1613116764000},"page":"97-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["In Situ Detection of Inflammatory Cytokines and Apoptosis in Pemphigus Foliaceus Patients"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Denise Bertulucci Rocha","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues and V. Rodrigues) and the Department of Pathology (Drs dos Reis and Adad, and Mr Sousa), Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues, Chiba, and Caixeta) and the Department of Pathology (Dr Pereira), Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanivia Aparecida Lima","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues and V. Rodrigues) and the Department of Pathology (Drs dos Reis and Adad, and Mr Sousa), Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues, Chiba, and Caixeta) and the Department of Pathology (Dr Pereira), Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlene Ant\u00f4nia","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues and V. Rodrigues) and the Department of Pathology (Drs dos Reis and Adad, and Mr Sousa), Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues, Chiba, and Caixeta) and the Department of Pathology (Dr Pereira), Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheila Jorge","family":"Adad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues and V. Rodrigues) and the Department of Pathology (Drs dos Reis and Adad, and Mr Sousa), Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues, Chiba, and Caixeta) and the Department of Pathology (Dr Pereira), Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Eduardo","family":"Caixeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues and V. Rodrigues) and the Department of Pathology (Drs dos Reis and Adad, and Mr Sousa), Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues, Chiba, and Caixeta) and the Department of Pathology (Dr Pereira), Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica Maeda","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues and V. Rodrigues) and the Department of Pathology (Drs dos Reis and Adad, and Mr Sousa), Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues, Chiba, and Caixeta) and the Department of Pathology (Dr Pereira), Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard\u00c1tila","family":"Sousa;","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues and V. Rodrigues) and the Department of Pathology (Drs dos Reis and Adad, and Mr Sousa), Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues, Chiba, and Caixeta) and the Department of Pathology (Dr Pereira), Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virmondes","family":"Rodrigues, Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. Rodrigues and V. Rodrigues) and the Department of Pathology (Drs dos Reis and Adad, and Mr Sousa), Universidade Federal do Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and the Laboratory of Immunology (Drs D. B. R. 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