{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T05:21:22Z","timestamp":1770787282433,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Context.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014A cascade of molecular tests for human papillomavirus (HPV), as a follow-up to Papanicolaou test screening, could eliminate unnecessary colposcopy. Tests based on detection of HPV E6 messenger RNA (mRNA) are already being used as screening tools, but there is a good biological rationale for expecting that an increase in the relative amounts of HPV E6 mRNA in cervical samples may better predict cancerous transformation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014To compare some of the available diagnostic methods and our novel method of relative quantification (RQ) of HPV gene expression for the effective triage of women with abnormal results from Papanicolaou tests to colposcopy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Design.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios were calculated for repeat Papanicolaou test smears, HPV DNA polymerase chain reactions, HPV genotyping, HPV-16 E6 mRNA detection, and the RQ of HPV-16 E6 mRNA calibrated to cellular RNA and DNA levels and standardized to viral load.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Human papillomavirus genotype in combination with a repeat Papanicolaou test can be used to categorize most women (96%) with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or higher for colposcopy while eliminating 44% of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 or less. The presence of HPV-16 E6 mRNA (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001) and RQ of HPV-16 E6 mRNA (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .001) displayed significant median differences among the various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Further testing of women who are positive for HPV-16 demonstrated that the RQ of E6 mRNA has diagnostic potential when combined with Papanicolaou testing in populations with higher disease prevalence.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014The RQ of HPV E6 mRNA and HPV genotype could be useful in a cascade of diagnostic testing designed to refer women with findings of cervical abnormalities for colposcopy or treatment while reducing triage numbers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.10.1577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T08:06:35Z","timestamp":1613117195000},"page":"1577-1586","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Human Papillomavirus Typing and Viral Gene Expression Analysis for the Triage of Women With Abnormal Results From Papanicolaou Test Smears to Colposcopy"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Nick A.","family":"Antonishyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada (Drs Antonishyn and Kelln); the Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina (Dr Horsman); and the Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Dr Severini)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg B.","family":"Horsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada (Drs Antonishyn and Kelln); the Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina (Dr Horsman); and the Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Dr Severini)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rod A.","family":"Kelln","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada (Drs Antonishyn and Kelln); the Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina (Dr Horsman); and the Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Dr Severini)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Severini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada (Drs Antonishyn and Kelln); the Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina (Dr Horsman); and the Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Dr Severini)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-10-1577-b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"518","article-title":"Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer.","volume":"348","author":"Munoz, N.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Munoz, N., F.Bosch, and S.De Sanjose. et al. 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Estimating the efficacy of screening by auditing smear histories of women with and without cervical cancer: the national co-ordinating network for cervical screening working group.Br J Cancer1996. 738:1001\u20131005."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-133-10-1577-b7","series-title":"Br J Cancer","first-page":"1616","article-title":"Human papillomavirus testing in primary screening for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions: a study of 7932 women.","volume":"84","author":"Clavel, C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clavel, C., M.Masure, and J. P.Bory. et al. Human papillomavirus testing in primary screening for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions: a study of 7932 women.Br J Cancer2001. 8412:1616\u20131623."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-10-1577-b8","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"730","article-title":"Pathology slide review in gynecologic oncology.","volume":"91","author":"Santoso, J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Santoso, J., R.Coleman, R. 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Quantitation of human papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 DNA and RNA in residual material from thinprep Papanicolaou tests using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.Cancer2002. 948:2199\u20132210."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-10-1577-b29","series-title":"J Med Virol","first-page":"107","article-title":"Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncogene transcripts in cervical scrapes by nested RT-polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"74","author":"Sotlar, K.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sotlar, K., A.Stubner, and D.Diemer. et al. 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Expression of E6\/E7 mRNA from \u2018high risk\u2019 human papillomavirus in relation to CIN grade, viral load and p16INK4a.Int J Oncol2006. 293:705\u2013711."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-10-1577-b43","series-title":"Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"132","article-title":"High human papillomavirus oncogene mRNA expression and not viral DNA load is associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients.","volume":"13","author":"De Boer, M. A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Boer, M. A., E. S.Jordanova, and G. G.Kenter. et al. High human papillomavirus oncogene mRNA expression and not viral DNA load is associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients.Clin Cancer Res2007. 131:132\u2013138."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-10-1577-b44","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"32","article-title":"Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: diagnostic performance, human papillomavirus testing, and follow-up results.","volume":"108","author":"Srodon, M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Srodon, M., H.Parry Dilworth, and B. M.Ronnett. 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