{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:20:30Z","timestamp":1770823230182,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Apocrine metaplasia is a ubiquitous component of the mammary fibrocystic change spectrum. Although mostly associated with cysts, apocrine metaplasia can also present as a proliferative lesion, rarely with cytologic atypism. Apocrine atypia is characterized by 3-fold nuclear enlargement, multiple nucleoli, and hyperchromatism and generally arises in florid adenosis or radial sclerosing lesions. Dramatic apocrine atypia may be very difficult to distinguish from apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ. The latter is distinguished from apocrine atypia by greater extent of the lesion (&gt;0.4 cm) and the presence of greater nuclear pleomorphism with nuclear membrane irregularity. The clinical significance of apocrine atypia is poorly understood and reflects the lack of published outcome studies. Herein, I report a case in which apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ presented as \u201catypical apocrine adenosis\u201d in a needle core breast biopsy. It illustrates the problem of assessing apocrine atypia and apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ in small samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.11.1817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T08:54:04Z","timestamp":1613120044000},"page":"1817-1821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Apocrine Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Involving a Sclerosing Lesion With Adenosis: Report of a Case"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Visscher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b01","series-title":"Adv Anat Pathol","first-page":"139","article-title":"Apocrine differentiation of breast epithelium.","volume":"4","author":"Eusebi, V.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eusebi, V., S.Damiami, and L.Losi. Apocrine differentiation of breast epithelium.Adv Anat Pathol1997. 4:139\u2013155."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b02","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"381","article-title":"Apocrine cystic metaplasia: subgross pathology and prevalence in cancer-associated versus random autopsy breasts.","volume":"18","author":"Wellings, S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wellings, S. and C.Alpers. Apocrine cystic metaplasia: subgross pathology and prevalence in cancer-associated versus random autopsy breasts.Hum Pathol1987. 184:381\u2013386."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b03","series-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev","first-page":"29","article-title":"Papillary apocrine change of the breast: associations with atypical hyperplasia and risk of breast cancer.","volume":"5","author":"Page, D. L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Page, D. L., W. D.Dupont, and R. A.Jensen. Papillary apocrine change of the breast: associations with atypical hyperplasia and risk of breast cancer.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev1996. 51:29\u201332."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b04","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"164","article-title":"Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast with apocrine cytology: definition of a borderline category.","volume":"25","author":"O'Malley, F. P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"O'Malley, F. P., D. L.Page, and E. H.Nelson. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast with apocrine cytology: definition of a borderline category.Hum Pathol1994. 252:164\u2013168."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b05","series-title":"Adv Anat Pathol","first-page":"1","article-title":"The spectrum of apocrine lesions of the breast.","volume":"11","author":"O'Malley, F. P.","year":"2004","unstructured":"O'Malley, F. P. and A. L.Bane. The spectrum of apocrine lesions of the breast.Adv Anat Pathol2004. 111:1\u20139."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b06","series-title":"Surg Pathol","first-page":"289","article-title":"Apocrine adenosis\u2014a mimic of mammary carcinoma.","volume":"3","author":"Simpson, J. F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Simpson, J. F., D. L.Page, and W. D.Dupont. Apocrine adenosis\u2014a mimic of mammary carcinoma.Surg Pathol1990. 3:289\u2013299."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b07","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2529","article-title":"Atypical apocrine adenosis of the breast: a clinicopathologic study of 37 patients with 8.7-year follow up.","volume":"77","author":"Seidman, J. D.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Seidman, J. D., M.Ashton, and M.Lefkowitz. Atypical apocrine adenosis of the breast: a clinicopathologic study of 37 patients with 8.7-year follow up.Cancer1996. 7712:2529\u20132537."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b08","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Atypical apocrine metaplasia in sclerosing lesions of the breast: a study of 51 patients.","volume":"4","author":"Carter, D. J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Carter, D. J. and P. P.Rosen. Atypical apocrine metaplasia in sclerosing lesions of the breast: a study of 51 patients.Mod Pathol1991. 41:1\u20135."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b09","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"1313","article-title":"Non-operative breast pathology: apocrine lesions.","volume":"60","author":"Wells, C. A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wells, C. A. and G. A.El-Ayat. Non-operative breast pathology: apocrine lesions.J Clin Pathol2007. 6012:1313\u20131320."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b01","series-title":"Adv Anat Pathol","first-page":"139","article-title":"Apocrine differentiation of breast epithelium.","volume":"4","author":"Eusebi, V.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eusebi, V., S.Damiami, and L.Losi. Apocrine differentiation of breast epithelium.Adv Anat Pathol1997. 4:139\u2013155."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b02","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"381","article-title":"Apocrine cystic metaplasia: subgross pathology and prevalence in cancer-associated versus random autopsy breasts.","volume":"18","author":"Wellings, S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wellings, S. and C.Alpers. Apocrine cystic metaplasia: subgross pathology and prevalence in cancer-associated versus random autopsy breasts.Hum Pathol1987. 184:381\u2013386."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b03","series-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev","first-page":"29","article-title":"Papillary apocrine change of the breast: associations with atypical hyperplasia and risk of breast cancer.","volume":"5","author":"Page, D. L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Page, D. L., W. D.Dupont, and R. A.Jensen. Papillary apocrine change of the breast: associations with atypical hyperplasia and risk of breast cancer.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev1996. 51:29\u201332."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b04","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"164","article-title":"Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast with apocrine cytology: definition of a borderline category.","volume":"25","author":"O'Malley, F. P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"O'Malley, F. P., D. L.Page, and E. H.Nelson. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast with apocrine cytology: definition of a borderline category.Hum Pathol1994. 252:164\u2013168."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b05","series-title":"Adv Anat Pathol","first-page":"1","article-title":"The spectrum of apocrine lesions of the breast.","volume":"11","author":"O'Malley, F. P.","year":"2004","unstructured":"O'Malley, F. P. and A. L.Bane. The spectrum of apocrine lesions of the breast.Adv Anat Pathol2004. 111:1\u20139."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b06","series-title":"Surg Pathol","first-page":"289","article-title":"Apocrine adenosis\u2014a mimic of mammary carcinoma.","volume":"3","author":"Simpson, J. F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Simpson, J. F., D. L.Page, and W. D.Dupont. 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Atypical apocrine metaplasia in sclerosing lesions of the breast: a study of 51 patients.Mod Pathol1991. 41:1\u20135."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1817-b09","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"1313","article-title":"Non-operative breast pathology: apocrine lesions.","volume":"60","author":"Wells, C. A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wells, C. A. and G. A.El-Ayat. 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