{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T18:53:16Z","timestamp":1785005596174,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Primary bone lymphomas are rare, even though secondary involvement of the bone marrow is a common event in systemic lymphomas. Most primary bone lymphomas are primary bone diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (PBDLBCLs) with a rare occurrence of follicular, marginal zone, anaplastic large cell, Hodgkin, and T-cell lymphomas. The PBDLBCL affects the middle-aged to elderly population, with a slight predominance in men. The patients present with bone pain, palpable mass, fractures, or neurologic symptoms. The metaphysis of bones is a common location of PBDLBCL. Morphologically, the lymphoma consists of a polymorphous mixture of small to large cells with multilobated nuclei, fine chromatin, and inconspicuous to prominent nucleoli. Differential diagnoses for PBDLBCL include chronic osteomyelitis, primary bone sarcoma, leukemic infiltrate, Ewing sarcoma, metastatic sarcomas, and carcinoma. Most PBDLBCLs are treated with combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy with good prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.11.1868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T09:01:43Z","timestamp":1613120503000},"page":"1868-1871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Primary Bone Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Sharathkumar","family":"Bhagavathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Hematopathology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Bhagavathi); and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (Dr Fu)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Hematopathology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Bhagavathi); and the Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska (Dr Fu)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b1","series-title":"Bull Assoc Fr Etude Cancer","first-page":"259","article-title":"Les reticulosarcomes et les reticuloendotheliosarcomes de la osseuse (sarcomes d'Ewing).","volume":"17","author":"Oberling, C.","year":"1928","unstructured":"Oberling, C.\n          \n          Les reticulosarcomes et les reticuloendotheliosarcomes de la osseuse (sarcomes d'Ewing).\n          Bull Assoc Fr Etude Cancer\n          1928. 17:259\u2013296."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b2","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"45","article-title":"Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of bone.","volume":"68","author":"Parker, F.","year":"1939","unstructured":"Parker, F. and H.Jackson. Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of bone.Surg Gynecol Obstet1939. 68:45\u201353."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b3","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"652","article-title":"Malignant lymphoma involving the mandible. Clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases.","volume":"14","author":"Pileri, S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pileri, S., M.Montanari, and B.Falini. et al. Malignant lymphoma involving the mandible. Clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases.Am J Surg Pathol1990. 147:652\u2013659."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b4","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"177","article-title":"Large cell lymphoma of bone: a report of three cases of B-cell origin.","volume":"12","author":"Falini, B.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Falini, B., R.Binazzi, and S.Pileri. et al. Large cell lymphoma of bone: a report of three cases of B-cell origin.Histopathology1988. 122:177\u2013190."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b5","article-title":"Malignant lymphoma.","author":"Unni, K. K.","unstructured":"Unni, K. K. and P. C. W.Hogendoorn. Malignant lymphoma.In: Fletcher CDM, Unni KK, Mertens F. eds. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2002. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours.."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b6","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","first-page":"265","article-title":"Primary lymphoma of bone: a clinicopathologic study of 25 cases reported over 10 years.","volume":"46","author":"Desai, S.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Desai, S., N. A.Jambhekar, C. S.Soman, and S. H.Advani. Primary lymphoma of bone: a clinicopathologic study of 25 cases reported over 10 years.J Surg Oncol1991. 464:265\u2013269."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b7","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"47","article-title":"Pediatric primary bone lymphomas-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 10 cases.","volume":"127","author":"Zhao, X. F.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao, X. F., K. H.Young, and D.Frank. et al. Pediatric primary bone lymphomas-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 10 cases.Am J Clin Pathol2007. 1271:47\u201354."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b8","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"57","article-title":"ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with primary bone involvement in children.","volume":"125","author":"Bakshi, N. A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bakshi, N. A., C. W.Ross, and W. G.Finn. et al. ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with primary bone involvement in children.Am J Clin Pathol2006. 1251:57\u201363."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b9","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2652","article-title":"Primary bone lymphoma: treatment results and prognostic factors with long term follow up of 82 patients.","volume":"106","author":"Beal, K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beal, K., L.Allen, and J.Yahalom. Primary bone lymphoma: treatment results and prognostic factors with long term follow up of 82 patients.Cancer2006. 10612:2652\u20132656."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b10","article-title":"Tumors of the Bones and Joints.","author":"Unni, K. K.","unstructured":"Unni, K. K., C. Y.Inwards, J. A.Bridge, L.Kindblom, and L. E.Wold. Tumors of the Bones and Joints.Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 2005: 231\u2013240. Atlas of Tumor Pathology; 4th series. fascicle 2."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b11","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1000","article-title":"An immunophenotypic and molecular study of primary large B-cell lymphoma of bone.","volume":"14","author":"Huebner-Chan, D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huebner-Chan, D., B.Fernandes, G.Yang, and M. S.Lim. An immunophenotypic and molecular study of primary large B-cell lymphoma of bone.Mod Pathol2001. 14:1000\u20131007."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b12","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"275","article-title":"Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray.","volume":"103","author":"Hans, C. P.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hans, C. P., D. D.Weisenburger, and T.Greiner. et al. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray.Blood2004. 103:275\u2013282."},{"issue":"28","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b13","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"4587","article-title":"Addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy improves the survival of both the germinal center B-cell-like and non-germinal center B-cell-like subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [published online ahead of print July 28, 2008].","volume":"26","author":"Fu, K.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fu, K., D. D.Weisenburger, and W. W.Choi. et al. Addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy improves the survival of both the germinal center B-cell-like and non-germinal center B-cell-like subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [published online ahead of print July 28, 2008].J Clin Oncol2008. 2628:4587\u20134589."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b14","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of bone: an analysis of differentiation-associated antigens with clinical correlation.","volume":"27","author":"de Level, L.","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Level, L., K. M.Braaten, and M.Ancukiewicz. et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of bone: an analysis of differentiation-associated antigens with clinical correlation.Am J Surg Pathol2003. 279:1269\u20131277."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b15","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"723","article-title":"Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of bone displays preferential rearrangements of the c-MYC or BCL2 gene.","volume":"129","author":"Lima, F. P.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lima, F. P., M.Bousquet, and A.Gomez-Brouchet. et al. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of bone displays preferential rearrangements of the c-MYC or BCL2 gene.Am J Clin Pathol2008. 1295:723\u2013726."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b16","series-title":"Ann Oncol","first-page":"129","article-title":"A clinicopathological retrospective study of 131 patients with primary bone lymphoma: a population-based study of successively treated cohorts from the British Columbia Cancer Agency.","volume":"18","author":"Ramadan, K. M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramadan, K. M., T.Shenkier, L. H.Sehn, R. D.Gascoyne, and J. M.Connores. A clinicopathological retrospective study of 131 patients with primary bone lymphoma: a population-based study of successively treated cohorts from the British Columbia Cancer Agency.Ann Oncol2007. 181:129\u2013135."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b17","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2646","article-title":"Malignant lymphoma of bone.","volume":"58","author":"Ostrowski, M. L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ostrowski, M. L., K. K.Unni, and P. M.Banks. et al. Malignant lymphoma of bone.Cancer1986. 5812:2646\u20132655."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b18","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2387","article-title":"Malignant lymphomas of bone in Japan.","volume":"64","author":"Ueda, T.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ueda, T., K.Aozasa, and M.Ohsawa. et al. Malignant lymphomas of bone in Japan.Cancer1989. 6411:2387\u20132392."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b19","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1143","article-title":"Anaplastic large lymphomas presented as bone lesions: a clinicopathological study of six cases and review of literature.","volume":"13","author":"Nagasaka, T.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nagasaka, T., S.Nakamura, L. J.Medeiros, J.Juco, and R.Lai. Anaplastic large lymphomas presented as bone lesions: a clinicopathological study of six cases and review of literature.Mod Pathol2000. 1310:1143\u20131149."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b20","series-title":"Leuk Lymphoma","first-page":"461","article-title":"Primary and isolated anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the bone marrow.","volume":"46","author":"Gudgin, E.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gudgin, E., J.Rashbass, K. J.Pulford, and W. N.Erber. Primary and isolated anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the bone marrow.Leuk Lymphoma2005. 463:461\u2013463."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b21","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","first-page":"163","article-title":"Primary multifocal osseous Hodgkin disease: a case report and review of literature.","volume":"131","author":"Gebert, C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gebert, C., J.Hardes, H.Ahrens, H.Buerger, W.Winkelmann, and G.Gosheger. Primary multifocal osseous Hodgkin disease: a case report and review of literature.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol2005. 1313:163\u2013168."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b22","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1166","article-title":"Osseous Hodgkin disease.","volume":"85","author":"Ostrowski, M. L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ostrowski, M. L., C. Y.Inwards, J. G.Strickler, T. E.Witzig, D. E.Wenger, and K. K.Unni. Osseous Hodgkin disease.Cancer1999. 855:1166\u20131178."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b1","series-title":"Bull Assoc Fr Etude Cancer","first-page":"259","article-title":"Les reticulosarcomes et les reticuloendotheliosarcomes de la osseuse (sarcomes d'Ewing).","volume":"17","author":"Oberling, C.","year":"1928","unstructured":"Oberling, C.\n          \n          Les reticulosarcomes et les reticuloendotheliosarcomes de la osseuse (sarcomes d'Ewing).\n          Bull Assoc Fr Etude Cancer\n          1928. 17:259\u2013296."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b2","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"45","article-title":"Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of bone.","volume":"68","author":"Parker, F.","year":"1939","unstructured":"Parker, F. and H.Jackson. 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Atlas of Tumor Pathology; 4th series. fascicle 2."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b11","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1000","article-title":"An immunophenotypic and molecular study of primary large B-cell lymphoma of bone.","volume":"14","author":"Huebner-Chan, D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Huebner-Chan, D., B.Fernandes, G.Yang, and M. S.Lim. An immunophenotypic and molecular study of primary large B-cell lymphoma of bone.Mod Pathol2001. 14:1000\u20131007."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b12","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"275","article-title":"Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray.","volume":"103","author":"Hans, C. P.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hans, C. P., D. D.Weisenburger, and T.Greiner. et al. 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Addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy improves the survival of both the germinal center B-cell-like and non-germinal center B-cell-like subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [published online ahead of print July 28, 2008].J Clin Oncol2008. 2628:4587\u20134589."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b14","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of bone: an analysis of differentiation-associated antigens with clinical correlation.","volume":"27","author":"de Level, L.","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Level, L., K. M.Braaten, and M.Ancukiewicz. et al. 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M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ramadan, K. M., T.Shenkier, L. H.Sehn, R. D.Gascoyne, and J. M.Connores. A clinicopathological retrospective study of 131 patients with primary bone lymphoma: a population-based study of successively treated cohorts from the British Columbia Cancer Agency.Ann Oncol2007. 181:129\u2013135."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b17","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2646","article-title":"Malignant lymphoma of bone.","volume":"58","author":"Ostrowski, M. L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ostrowski, M. L., K. K.Unni, and P. M.Banks. et al. Malignant lymphoma of bone.Cancer1986. 5812:2646\u20132655."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b18","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2387","article-title":"Malignant lymphomas of bone in Japan.","volume":"64","author":"Ueda, T.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ueda, T., K.Aozasa, and M.Ohsawa. et al. 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Primary and isolated anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the bone marrow.Leuk Lymphoma2005. 463:461\u2013463."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b21","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","first-page":"163","article-title":"Primary multifocal osseous Hodgkin disease: a case report and review of literature.","volume":"131","author":"Gebert, C.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gebert, C., J.Hardes, H.Ahrens, H.Buerger, W.Winkelmann, and G.Gosheger. Primary multifocal osseous Hodgkin disease: a case report and review of literature.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol2005. 1313:163\u2013168."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-133-11-1868-b22","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1166","article-title":"Osseous Hodgkin disease.","volume":"85","author":"Ostrowski, M. L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ostrowski, M. L., C. Y.Inwards, J. G.Strickler, T. E.Witzig, D. E.Wenger, and K. K.Unni. 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