{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:25:32Z","timestamp":1791156332709,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Context.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Basidiobolomycosis is a rare disease caused by the fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Basidiobolus ranarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an environmental saprophyte found worldwide. Patients with\n                    <jats:italic>B ranarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection may present with subcutaneous, gastrointestinal, or systemic lesions. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis poses diagnostic difficulties, as its clinical presentation is nonspecific, with no identifiable risk factors.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014To discuss and compare the clinical features and histopathologic findings and other ancillary techniques that could be helpful in identifying gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Design.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014We report 3 cases of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis and describe the clinical and morphologic findings while emphasizing the importance of identifying this unusual entity on endoscopic biopsies, thus avoiding unnecessary major surgeries. Fungal cultures were also performed, which are of diagnostic significance. Our first patient was lost to follow-up; however, patients 2 and 3 were followed up for 4 and 2 years, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014In all 3 cases, patients presented with a clinical profile suggestive of malignancy. None of the patients gave any specific history. There was widespread abdominal disease with peritoneal involvement and colonic masses. Colonoscopic biopsy specimens showed nonspecific inflammation in 1 case; however, they showed only granulomatous inflammation in a second case and granulomas associated with fungal hyphae in a third. Typical morphology included hyphae, irregularly branched, thin-walled, occasionally septated and surrounded by a thick eosinophilic cuff (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis can be detected on small endoscopic biopsy. The unequivocal diagnosis requires microbiologic cultivation of the fungus obtained from tissues. The prognosis for this disease is usually favorable as seen in 3 of our cases; however, cases with fatal outcome are on record.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.12.1938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T09:06:47Z","timestamp":1613120807000},"page":"1938-1942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis: An Unusual Fungal Infection Mimicking Colon Cancer"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Dalal","family":"Nemenqani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Drs Nemenqani and Yaqoob); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Khoja); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Al Saif); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nausheen","family":"Yaqoob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Drs Nemenqani and Yaqoob); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Khoja); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Al Saif); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatem","family":"Khoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Drs Nemenqani and Yaqoob); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Khoja); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Al Saif); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Al Saif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Drs Nemenqani and Yaqoob); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Khoja); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Al Saif); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasir K.","family":"Amra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Drs Nemenqani and Yaqoob); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Khoja); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Al Saif); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir S.","family":"Amr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Drs Nemenqani and Yaqoob); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Khoja); the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Dr Al Saif); and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b1","series-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","first-page":"923","article-title":"A review of zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum.","volume":"15","author":"Gugnani, H. C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gugnani, H. C.\n          \n          A review of zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum.\n          Eur J Epidemiol\n          1999. 1510:923\u2013929."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b2","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"281","article-title":"Invasive gastrointestinal Basidiobolus ranarum infection in an immunocompetent child.","volume":"22","author":"Yusuf, N. W.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yusuf, N. W., H. M.Assaf, and N. A.Rotowa. Invasive gastrointestinal Basidiobolus ranarum infection in an immunocompetent child.Pediatr Infect Dis J2003. 22:281\u2013282."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b3","series-title":"J Wash Acad Sci","first-page":"49","article-title":"A southern basidiobolus forming many sporangia from globose and from elongated adhesive conidia.","volume":"45","author":"Drechsler, C.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Drechsler, C.\n          \n          A southern basidiobolus forming many sporangia from globose and from elongated adhesive conidia.\n          J Wash Acad Sci\n          1955. 45:49\u201356."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b4","series-title":"Mycol Res","first-page":"926","article-title":"Histological and ultrastructural features of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis.","volume":"111","author":"Hussein, M. R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hussein, M. R., A. O.Musalam, M. H.Assiry, R. A.Eid, A. M.El Motawa, and A. M.Gamel. 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Pediatric gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis.Pediatr Infect Dis J2003. 2211:1007\u20131014."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b7","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"250","article-title":"Basidiobolomycosis: an unusual fungal infection mimicking inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"112","author":"Pasha, T. M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pasha, T. M., J. A.Leighton, J. D.Smilack, J.Heppell, T. V.Colby, and L.Kaufman. Basidiobolomycosis: an unusual fungal infection mimicking inflammatory bowel disease.Gastroenterology1997. 1121:250\u2013254."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b8","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"140","article-title":"A fatal pseudo-tumour: disseminated basidiobolomycosis.","volume":"15","author":"van den Berk, G. E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"van den Berk, G. E., L. A.Noorduyn, R. J.van Ketel, J.van Leeuwen, W. A.Bemelman, and J. M.Prins. A fatal pseudo-tumour: disseminated basidiobolomycosis.BMC Infect Dis2006. 156:140."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b9","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1367","article-title":"Disseminated basidiobolomycosis in an immunocompetent woman.","volume":"42","author":"Bigliazzi, C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bigliazzi, C., V.Poletti, D.Dell'Amore, L.Saragoni, and T. V.Colby. Disseminated basidiobolomycosis in an immunocompetent woman.J Clin Microbiol2004. 423:1367\u20131369."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b10","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2360","article-title":"Basidiobolus ranarum as an etiologic agent of gastrointestinal zygomycosis.","volume":"39","author":"Khan, Z. U.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Khan, Z. U., M.Khoursheed, and R.Makar. et al. Basidiobolus ranarum as an etiologic agent of gastrointestinal zygomycosis.J Clin Microbiol2001. 396:2360\u20132363."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b11","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1887","article-title":"Immunodiffusion test for serodiagnosing subcutaneous zygomycosis.","volume":"28","author":"Kaufman, L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kaufman, L., L.Mendoza, and P. G.Standard. Immunodiffusion test for serodiagnosing subcutaneous zygomycosis.J Clin Microbiol1990. 28:1887\u20131890."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b12","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"610","article-title":"Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis: morphologic findings in a cluster of six cases.","volume":"112","author":"Yousef, O. M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yousef, O. M., J. D.Smilack, D. M.Kerr, R.Ramsey, L.Rosati, and T. V.Colby. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis: morphologic findings in a cluster of six cases.Am J Clin Pathol1999. 1125:610\u2013616."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b13","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"262","article-title":"Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon in the conjunctiva: immunohistochemical analysis.","volume":"140","author":"Read, R. W.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Read, R. W., J. I. E.Zhang, T.Albini, M.Evans, and N. A.Rao. Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon in the conjunctiva: immunohistochemical analysis.Am J Ophthalmol2005. 140:262\u2013266."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b14","article-title":"Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon.","author":"Johnson, F. B.","unstructured":"Johnson, F. B.\n          \n          Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon.\n          In: Binford CH, Connor DH, eds. Pathology of Tropical and Extraordinary Diseases. Vol. 2. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1976:681\u2013683."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b15","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"399","article-title":"The Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon in hepatic botryomycosis.","volume":"51","author":"Schlossberg, D.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schlossberg, D., M.Pandey, and R.Reddy. The Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon in hepatic botryomycosis.J Clin Pathol1998. 51:399\u2013400."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b16","series-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol","first-page":"70","article-title":"IUD-associated pelvic actinomycosis: a report of five cases.","volume":"14","author":"Muller-Holzner, E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Muller-Holzner, E., N. R.Ruth, and E.Abfalter. et al. IUD-associated pelvic actinomycosis: a report of five cases.Int J Gynecol Pathol1995. 14:70\u201374."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b17","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"116","article-title":"Central nervous system aspergillosis: a 20-year retrospective series.","volume":"33","author":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B. K.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B. K.\n          \n          Central nervous system aspergillosis: a 20-year retrospective series.\n          Hum Pathol\n          2002. 33:116\u2013124."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b18","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1244","article-title":"Gastrointestinal zygomycotic infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum: case report and review.","volume":"28","author":"Zavasky, D. M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zavasky, D. M., W.Samowitz, T.Loftus, H.Segal, and K.Carroll. Gastrointestinal zygomycotic infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum: case report and review.Clin Infect Dis1999. 286:1244\u20131248."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b19","series-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","first-page":"527","article-title":"Management of rare fungal infections.","volume":"17","author":"Al-Abdely, H. M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Al-Abdely, H. M.\n          \n          Management of rare fungal infections.\n          Curr Opin Infect Dis\n          2004. 176:527\u2013532."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b1","series-title":"Eur J Epidemiol","first-page":"923","article-title":"A review of zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum.","volume":"15","author":"Gugnani, H. C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gugnani, H. C.\n          \n          A review of zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum.\n          Eur J Epidemiol\n          1999. 1510:923\u2013929."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b2","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"281","article-title":"Invasive gastrointestinal Basidiobolus ranarum infection in an immunocompetent child.","volume":"22","author":"Yusuf, N. W.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yusuf, N. W., H. M.Assaf, and N. A.Rotowa. Invasive gastrointestinal Basidiobolus ranarum infection in an immunocompetent child.Pediatr Infect Dis J2003. 22:281\u2013282."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b3","series-title":"J Wash Acad Sci","first-page":"49","article-title":"A southern basidiobolus forming many sporangia from globose and from elongated adhesive conidia.","volume":"45","author":"Drechsler, C.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Drechsler, C.\n          \n          A southern basidiobolus forming many sporangia from globose and from elongated adhesive conidia.\n          J Wash Acad Sci\n          1955. 45:49\u201356."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b4","series-title":"Mycol Res","first-page":"926","article-title":"Histological and ultrastructural features of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis.","volume":"111","author":"Hussein, M. R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hussein, M. R., A. O.Musalam, M. H.Assiry, R. A.Eid, A. M.El Motawa, and A. M.Gamel. Histological and ultrastructural features of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis.Mycol Res2007. 111:(pt 8). 926\u2013930."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b5","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1448","article-title":"Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in Arizona: clinical and epidemiological characteristics and review of the literature.","volume":"32","author":"Lyon, G. M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lyon, G. M., J. D.Smilack, and K. K.Komatsu. et al. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in Arizona: clinical and epidemiological characteristics and review of the literature.Clin Infect Dis2001. 3210:1448\u20131455."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b6","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Pediatric gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis.","volume":"22","author":"Al Jarie, A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Al Jarie, A., I.Al-Mohsen, and S.Al Jumaah. et al. Pediatric gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis.Pediatr Infect Dis J2003. 2211:1007\u20131014."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b7","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"250","article-title":"Basidiobolomycosis: an unusual fungal infection mimicking inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"112","author":"Pasha, T. M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pasha, T. M., J. A.Leighton, J. D.Smilack, J.Heppell, T. V.Colby, and L.Kaufman. Basidiobolomycosis: an unusual fungal infection mimicking inflammatory bowel disease.Gastroenterology1997. 1121:250\u2013254."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b8","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"140","article-title":"A fatal pseudo-tumour: disseminated basidiobolomycosis.","volume":"15","author":"van den Berk, G. E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"van den Berk, G. E., L. A.Noorduyn, R. J.van Ketel, J.van Leeuwen, W. A.Bemelman, and J. M.Prins. A fatal pseudo-tumour: disseminated basidiobolomycosis.BMC Infect Dis2006. 156:140."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b9","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1367","article-title":"Disseminated basidiobolomycosis in an immunocompetent woman.","volume":"42","author":"Bigliazzi, C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bigliazzi, C., V.Poletti, D.Dell'Amore, L.Saragoni, and T. V.Colby. Disseminated basidiobolomycosis in an immunocompetent woman.J Clin Microbiol2004. 423:1367\u20131369."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b10","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2360","article-title":"Basidiobolus ranarum as an etiologic agent of gastrointestinal zygomycosis.","volume":"39","author":"Khan, Z. U.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Khan, Z. U., M.Khoursheed, and R.Makar. et al. Basidiobolus ranarum as an etiologic agent of gastrointestinal zygomycosis.J Clin Microbiol2001. 396:2360\u20132363."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b11","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1887","article-title":"Immunodiffusion test for serodiagnosing subcutaneous zygomycosis.","volume":"28","author":"Kaufman, L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kaufman, L., L.Mendoza, and P. G.Standard. Immunodiffusion test for serodiagnosing subcutaneous zygomycosis.J Clin Microbiol1990. 28:1887\u20131890."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b12","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"610","article-title":"Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis: morphologic findings in a cluster of six cases.","volume":"112","author":"Yousef, O. M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yousef, O. M., J. D.Smilack, D. M.Kerr, R.Ramsey, L.Rosati, and T. V.Colby. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis: morphologic findings in a cluster of six cases.Am J Clin Pathol1999. 1125:610\u2013616."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b13","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"262","article-title":"Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon in the conjunctiva: immunohistochemical analysis.","volume":"140","author":"Read, R. W.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Read, R. W., J. I. E.Zhang, T.Albini, M.Evans, and N. A.Rao. Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon in the conjunctiva: immunohistochemical analysis.Am J Ophthalmol2005. 140:262\u2013266."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b14","article-title":"Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon.","author":"Johnson, F. B.","unstructured":"Johnson, F. B.\n          \n          Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon.\n          In: Binford CH, Connor DH, eds. Pathology of Tropical and Extraordinary Diseases. Vol. 2. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1976:681\u2013683."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b15","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"399","article-title":"The Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon in hepatic botryomycosis.","volume":"51","author":"Schlossberg, D.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schlossberg, D., M.Pandey, and R.Reddy. The Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon in hepatic botryomycosis.J Clin Pathol1998. 51:399\u2013400."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b16","series-title":"Int J Gynecol Pathol","first-page":"70","article-title":"IUD-associated pelvic actinomycosis: a report of five cases.","volume":"14","author":"Muller-Holzner, E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Muller-Holzner, E., N. R.Ruth, and E.Abfalter. et al. IUD-associated pelvic actinomycosis: a report of five cases.Int J Gynecol Pathol1995. 14:70\u201374."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b17","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"116","article-title":"Central nervous system aspergillosis: a 20-year retrospective series.","volume":"33","author":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B. K.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B. K.\n          \n          Central nervous system aspergillosis: a 20-year retrospective series.\n          Hum Pathol\n          2002. 33:116\u2013124."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1938-b18","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1244","article-title":"Gastrointestinal zygomycotic infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum: case report and review.","volume":"28","author":"Zavasky, D. M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zavasky, D. M., W.Samowitz, T.Loftus, H.Segal, and K.Carroll. 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