{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:21:24Z","timestamp":1782602484580,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a relatively uncommon tumor. It typically affects young women, has nonspecific clinical and radiologic manifestations, and can be readily diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and histopathologic evaluation. Histologic features characteristically show loosely cohesive, relatively uniform polygonal cells surrounding delicate capillary-sized blood vessels. Other features include cytoplasmic vacuolization, finely stippled chromatin, nuclear grooving, eosinophilic hyaline globules, and degenerative changes. Almost all solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms harbor mutations in the \u03b2-catenin gene. They stain with \u03b2-catenin, CD10, and focally with neuroendocrine markers. Although previously considered benign, this tumor is currently considered a low-grade malignant epithelial neoplasm with low metastatic rate and high overall survival. Most patients are cured by complete surgical excision. Despite the characterization of the morphologic and molecular features of this enigmatic neoplasm, more work is needed to uncover its cell of origin and true histogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.12.1989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T09:17:20Z","timestamp":1613121440000},"page":"1989-1993","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasm: A Pancreatic Enigma"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Zaher I.","family":"Chakhachiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazi","family":"Zaatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b1","author":"Hruban, R. H.","unstructured":"Hruban, R. H., M. B.Pitman, and D. S.Klimstra. Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms. In: Silverberg SG, Sobin LH, eds. Tumors of the Pancreas. Washington, DC: ARP Press; 2007:231\u2013250. AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology; 4th series, fascicle 6."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b2","author":"Kl\u00f6ppel, G.","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ppel, G., J.Luttges, and D. S.Klimstra. et al. Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms. In: Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA, eds. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 241\u2013248. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours; vol 2."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b3","series-title":"JOP","first-page":"131","article-title":"Solid-papillary tumors of the pancreas: histopathology.","volume":"7","author":"Santini, D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Santini, D., F.Poli, and S.Lega. Solid-papillary tumors of the pancreas: histopathology.JOP2006. 71:131\u2013136."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b4","series-title":"J Am Coll Surg","first-page":"965","article-title":"Solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas: review of 718 patients reported in English literature.","volume":"200","author":"Papavramidis, T.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Papavramidis, T. and S.Papavramidis. Solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas: review of 718 patients reported in English literature.J Am Coll Surg2005. 200:965\u2013972."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b5","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"283","article-title":"Papillary-cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: a clinicopathologic study concerning the tumor aging and malignancy of nine cases.","volume":"65","author":"Matsunou, H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Matsunou, H. and F.Konishi. Papillary-cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: a clinicopathologic study concerning the tumor aging and malignancy of nine cases.Cancer1990. 65:283\u2013291."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b6","series-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol","first-page":"66","article-title":"Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a typically cystic carcinoma of low malignant potential.","volume":"17","author":"Klimstra, D. S.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Klimstra, D. S., B. M.Wenig, and C. S.Heffess. Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a typically cystic carcinoma of low malignant potential.Semin Diagn Pathol2000. 17:66\u201380."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b7","series-title":"J Pediatr Surg","first-page":"887","article-title":"Malignant pancreatic tumors in childhood and adolescence: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience, 1967 to present.","volume":"37","author":"Shorter, N. A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shorter, N. A., R. D.Glick, D. S.Klimstra, F. B.Murray, and M. P.LaQuaglia. Malignant pancreatic tumors in childhood and adolescence: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience, 1967 to present.J Pediatr Surg2002. 37:887\u2013892."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b8","series-title":"J Am Coll Surg","first-page":"319","article-title":"Operative management of papillary cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.","volume":"186","author":"Panieri, E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Panieri, E., J. E. J.Krige, P. C.Bornman, S. M.Graham, J.Terblanche, and J.Cruse. Operative management of papillary cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.J Am Coll Surg1998. 186:319\u2013324."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b9","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"94S","article-title":"Nonductal neoplasms of the pancreas.","volume":"20","author":"Klimstra, D. S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klimstra, D. S.\n          \n          Nonductal neoplasms of the pancreas.\n          Mod Pathol\n          2007. 20:94S\u2013112S."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b10","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2747","article-title":"Solid, infiltrating variety of papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.","volume":"65","author":"Matsunou, H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Matsunou, H., F.Konishi, M.Yamamichi, N.Takayanagi, and M.Mukai. Solid, infiltrating variety of papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.Cancer1990. 65:2747\u20132757."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b11","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"395","article-title":"MR Imaging features of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas in adult and pediatric patients.","volume":"181","author":"Cantisani, V.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cantisani, V., K. J.Mortele, and A.Levy. et al. MR Imaging features of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas in adult and pediatric patients.AJR Am J Roentgenol2003. 181:395\u2013401."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b12","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"654","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a rare neoplasm of elusive origin but characteristic cytomorphologic features.","volume":"121","author":"Bardales, R. H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bardales, R. H., B.Centino, and J. S.Mallery. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a rare neoplasm of elusive origin but characteristic cytomorphologic features.Am J Clin Pathol2004. 121:654\u2013662."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b13","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"249","article-title":"Large, clear cytoplasmic vacuolation: an under-recognized cytologic clue to distinguish solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas from pancreatic endocrine neoplasms on fine-needle aspiration.","volume":"114","author":"Jhala, N.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jhala, N., G. P.Siegal, and D.Jhala. Large, clear cytoplasmic vacuolation: an under-recognized cytologic clue to distinguish solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas from pancreatic endocrine neoplasms on fine-needle aspiration.Cancer2008. 114:249\u2013254."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b14","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"179","article-title":"Solid-cystic (papillary-cystic) tumors within and outside the pancreas in men: report of two patients.","volume":"418","author":"Kl\u00f6ppel, G.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ppel, G., R.Maurer, and E.Hofmann. et al. Solid-cystic (papillary-cystic) tumors within and outside the pancreas in men: report of two patients.Virchows Arch1991. 418:179\u2013183."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b15","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1237","article-title":"The clear cell variant of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a previously unrecognized pancreatic neoplasm.","volume":"30","author":"Saavedra, J. A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saavedra, J. A., K. W.Simpson, and S. J.Bilello. The clear cell variant of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a previously unrecognized pancreatic neoplasm.Am J Surg Pathol2006. 30:1237\u20131242."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b16","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"512","article-title":"Clinically aggressive solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas: a report of two cases with components of undifferentiated carcinoma and a comparative clinicopathologic analysis of 34 conventional cases.","volume":"29","author":"Tang, L. H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tang, L. H., H.Aydin, M. F.Brennan, and D. S.Klimstra. Clinically aggressive solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas: a report of two cases with components of undifferentiated carcinoma and a comparative clinicopathologic analysis of 34 conventional cases.Am J Surg Pathol2005. 29:512\u2013519."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b17","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"752","article-title":"Expression of novel markers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in pancreatic nonductal neoplasms: additional evidence of different genetic pathways.","volume":"18","author":"Cao, D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cao, D., A.Maitra, J. A.Saavedra, D. S.Klimstra, N. V.Adsay, and R. H.Hruban. Expression of novel markers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in pancreatic nonductal neoplasms: additional evidence of different genetic pathways.Mod Pathol2005. 18:752\u2013761."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b18","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"955","article-title":"Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas show an interruption of the Wnt-signaling pathway and express gene products of 11q.","volume":"20","author":"Tiemann, T.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tiemann, T., U.Heitlig, M.Kosmahl, and G.Kl\u00f6ppel. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas show an interruption of the Wnt-signaling pathway and express gene products of 11q.Mod Pathol2007. 20:955\u2013960."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b19","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"251","article-title":"Loss of E-cadherin and cytoplasmic-nuclear expression of \u03b2-catenin are the most useful immunoprofiles in the diagnosis of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas.","volume":"39","author":"Kim, M. J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim, M. J., S. J.Jang, and E.Yu. Loss of E-cadherin and cytoplasmic-nuclear expression of \u03b2-catenin are the most useful immunoprofiles in the diagnosis of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas.Hum Pathol2008. 39:251\u2013258."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b20","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas are genetically distinct from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and almost always harbor \u03b2-catenin mutations.","volume":"160","author":"Abrham, S. C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abrham, S. C., D. S.Klimstra, and R. E.Wilentz. et al. Solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas are genetically distinct from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and almost always harbor \u03b2-catenin mutations.Am J Pathol2002. 160:1361\u20131369."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b21","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1","article-title":"E-cadherin\/catenin complex status in solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas.","volume":"32","author":"El-Bahrawy, M. A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"El-Bahrawy, M. A., A.Rowan, and D.Horncastle. et al. E-cadherin\/catenin complex status in solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas.Am J Surg Pathol2008. 32:1\u20137."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b22","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: immunohistochemical localization of neuroendocrine markers and CD10.","volume":"24","author":"Notahara, K.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Notahara, K., S.Hamzaki, and C.Tsukayama. et al. Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: immunohistochemical localization of neuroendocrine markers and CD10.Am J Surg Pathol2000. 24:1361\u20131371."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b23","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1243","article-title":"Solid and pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: review and new insights into pathogenesis.","volume":"30","author":"Geers, C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Geers, C., P.Moulin, and J. F.Gigot. et al. Solid and pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: review and new insights into pathogenesis.Am J Surg Pathol2006. 30:1243\u20131249."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b24","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"739","article-title":"Immunohistochemical markers of uncommon pancreatic tumors: acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, and solid cystic (papillary-cystic) tumor.","volume":"59","author":"Morohoshi, T.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Morohoshi, T., M.Kanda, and A.Horie. et al. Immunohistochemical markers of uncommon pancreatic tumors: acinar cell carcinoma, pancreatoblastoma, and solid cystic (papillary-cystic) tumor.Cancer1987. 59:739\u2013747."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b25","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"855","article-title":"Papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas: An analysis of cellular differentiation by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.","volume":"11","author":"Miettinen, M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Miettinen, M., S.Partanen, O.Fraki, and E.Kivilaakso. Papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas: An analysis of cellular differentiation by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.Am J Surg Pathol1987. 11:855\u2013865."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b26","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Positive immunohistochemical staining of KIT in solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas is not associated with KIT\/PDGFRA mutations.","volume":"19","author":"Cao, D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cao, D., C.Antonescu, and G.Wong. et al. Positive immunohistochemical staining of KIT in solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas is not associated with KIT\/PDGFRA mutations.Mod Pathol2006. 19:1157\u20131163."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b27","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"559","article-title":"Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas.","volume":"21","author":"Rund, C. R.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rund, C. R., A. J.Moser, and K. K.Lee. et al. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas.Mod Pathol2008. 21:559\u2013564."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b28","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"1288","article-title":"Stabilization of \u03b2-catenin induces pancreas tumor formation.","volume":"135","author":"Heiser, P. W.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heiser, P. W., D. A.Cano, and L.Landsman. et al. Stabilization of \u03b2-catenin induces pancreas tumor formation.Gastroenterology2008. 135:1288\u20131300."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b29","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"175","article-title":"Central pancreatectomy: single-center experience of 50 cases.","volume":"143","author":"Adham, M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Adham, M., A.Giunippero, V.Hervieu, M.Courbi\u00e8re, and C.Partensky. Central pancreatectomy: single-center experience of 50 cases.Arch Surg2008. 143:175\u2013180."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b30","series-title":"Intern Med","first-page":"1335","article-title":"Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas showing a remarkable reduction in size over the 10-year follow-up period.","volume":"47","author":"Nakahara, K.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nakahara, K., G.Kobayashi, and N.Fujita. et al. Solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas showing a remarkable reduction in size over the 10-year follow-up period.Intern Med2008. 47:1335\u20131339."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b1","author":"Hruban, R. H.","unstructured":"Hruban, R. H., M. B.Pitman, and D. S.Klimstra. Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms. In: Silverberg SG, Sobin LH, eds. Tumors of the Pancreas. Washington, DC: ARP Press; 2007:231\u2013250. AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology; 4th series, fascicle 6."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b2","author":"Kl\u00f6ppel, G.","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ppel, G., J.Luttges, and D. S.Klimstra. et al. Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasms. In: Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA, eds. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 241\u2013248. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours; vol 2."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b3","series-title":"JOP","first-page":"131","article-title":"Solid-papillary tumors of the pancreas: histopathology.","volume":"7","author":"Santini, D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Santini, D., F.Poli, and S.Lega. 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Malignant pancreatic tumors in childhood and adolescence: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience, 1967 to present.J Pediatr Surg2002. 37:887\u2013892."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b8","series-title":"J Am Coll Surg","first-page":"319","article-title":"Operative management of papillary cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.","volume":"186","author":"Panieri, E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Panieri, E., J. E. J.Krige, P. C.Bornman, S. M.Graham, J.Terblanche, and J.Cruse. Operative management of papillary cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.J Am Coll Surg1998. 186:319\u2013324."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b9","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"94S","article-title":"Nonductal neoplasms of the pancreas.","volume":"20","author":"Klimstra, D. S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klimstra, D. S.\n          \n          Nonductal neoplasms of the pancreas.\n          Mod Pathol\n          2007. 20:94S\u2013112S."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b10","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2747","article-title":"Solid, infiltrating variety of papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.","volume":"65","author":"Matsunou, H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Matsunou, H., F.Konishi, M.Yamamichi, N.Takayanagi, and M.Mukai. Solid, infiltrating variety of papillary cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.Cancer1990. 65:2747\u20132757."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b11","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"395","article-title":"MR Imaging features of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas in adult and pediatric patients.","volume":"181","author":"Cantisani, V.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cantisani, V., K. J.Mortele, and A.Levy. et al. MR Imaging features of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas in adult and pediatric patients.AJR Am J Roentgenol2003. 181:395\u2013401."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b12","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"654","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a rare neoplasm of elusive origin but characteristic cytomorphologic features.","volume":"121","author":"Bardales, R. H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bardales, R. H., B.Centino, and J. S.Mallery. et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a rare neoplasm of elusive origin but characteristic cytomorphologic features.Am J Clin Pathol2004. 121:654\u2013662."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b13","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"249","article-title":"Large, clear cytoplasmic vacuolation: an under-recognized cytologic clue to distinguish solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas from pancreatic endocrine neoplasms on fine-needle aspiration.","volume":"114","author":"Jhala, N.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jhala, N., G. P.Siegal, and D.Jhala. Large, clear cytoplasmic vacuolation: an under-recognized cytologic clue to distinguish solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas from pancreatic endocrine neoplasms on fine-needle aspiration.Cancer2008. 114:249\u2013254."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b14","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"179","article-title":"Solid-cystic (papillary-cystic) tumors within and outside the pancreas in men: report of two patients.","volume":"418","author":"Kl\u00f6ppel, G.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ppel, G., R.Maurer, and E.Hofmann. et al. Solid-cystic (papillary-cystic) tumors within and outside the pancreas in men: report of two patients.Virchows Arch1991. 418:179\u2013183."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b15","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1237","article-title":"The clear cell variant of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a previously unrecognized pancreatic neoplasm.","volume":"30","author":"Saavedra, J. A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saavedra, J. A., K. W.Simpson, and S. J.Bilello. The clear cell variant of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a previously unrecognized pancreatic neoplasm.Am J Surg Pathol2006. 30:1237\u20131242."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b16","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"512","article-title":"Clinically aggressive solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas: a report of two cases with components of undifferentiated carcinoma and a comparative clinicopathologic analysis of 34 conventional cases.","volume":"29","author":"Tang, L. H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tang, L. H., H.Aydin, M. F.Brennan, and D. S.Klimstra. Clinically aggressive solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas: a report of two cases with components of undifferentiated carcinoma and a comparative clinicopathologic analysis of 34 conventional cases.Am J Surg Pathol2005. 29:512\u2013519."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b17","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"752","article-title":"Expression of novel markers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in pancreatic nonductal neoplasms: additional evidence of different genetic pathways.","volume":"18","author":"Cao, D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cao, D., A.Maitra, J. A.Saavedra, D. S.Klimstra, N. V.Adsay, and R. H.Hruban. Expression of novel markers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in pancreatic nonductal neoplasms: additional evidence of different genetic pathways.Mod Pathol2005. 18:752\u2013761."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b18","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"955","article-title":"Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas show an interruption of the Wnt-signaling pathway and express gene products of 11q.","volume":"20","author":"Tiemann, T.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tiemann, T., U.Heitlig, M.Kosmahl, and G.Kl\u00f6ppel. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas show an interruption of the Wnt-signaling pathway and express gene products of 11q.Mod Pathol2007. 20:955\u2013960."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b19","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"251","article-title":"Loss of E-cadherin and cytoplasmic-nuclear expression of \u03b2-catenin are the most useful immunoprofiles in the diagnosis of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas.","volume":"39","author":"Kim, M. J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim, M. J., S. J.Jang, and E.Yu. Loss of E-cadherin and cytoplasmic-nuclear expression of \u03b2-catenin are the most useful immunoprofiles in the diagnosis of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas.Hum Pathol2008. 39:251\u2013258."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-12-1989-b20","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas are genetically distinct from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and almost always harbor \u03b2-catenin mutations.","volume":"160","author":"Abrham, S. C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abrham, S. C., D. S.Klimstra, and R. E.Wilentz. et al. 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