{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:24:01Z","timestamp":1785767041889,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Context.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Eosinophilic cystitis (EC) is an inflammatory condition of the bladder that has been linked to food allergens, infectious agents, drugs, and other genitourinary conditions. Like interstitial cystitis, EC has a strong female predominance. It is characterized by an intense eosinophilic infiltrate in the acute phase and fibrosis in the chronic phase.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objectives.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014To document and focus on specific features of EC in males and highlight the relationship between clinical and histopathologic findings.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Design.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014The bladder biopsies of male patients were reviewed. Eight cases of EC were selected.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Several known associations were noted as well as unreported features and associations such as Charcot-Leyden crystals, celiac disease, lupus anticoagulant, and additional viral and bacterial agents.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Eosinophilic cystitis represents a response to a variety of agents and may often be overlooked. The temporally biphasic morphologic features are the hallmark of this condition. Because clinical and imaging studies are not specific, a high index of clinical suspicion is often crucial to the correct diagnosis and proper management of EC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.2.289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T09:24:17Z","timestamp":1613121857000},"page":"289-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Spectrum of Eosinophilic Cystitis in Males: Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Oana-Eugenia","family":"Popescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver (Dr Popescu); and the Departments of Pathology and Urology (Dr Landas) and Urology (Dr Haas), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve K.","family":"Landas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver (Dr Popescu); and the Departments of Pathology and Urology (Dr Landas) and Urology (Dr Haas), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel P.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Vancouver (Dr Popescu); and the Departments of Pathology and Urology (Dr Landas) and Urology (Dr Haas), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b1","series-title":"Ann Clin Med","first-page":"117","article-title":"Food allergy as a cause of bladder pain.","volume":"1","author":"Duke, W. 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W.\n          \n          Eosinophilic granuloma of the bladder.\n          J Urol\n          1960. 83:665\u2013668."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b7","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"340","article-title":"Toxocara antibodies in eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"73","author":"Perlmutter, A. D.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Perlmutter, A. D., J. B.Edlow, and S. V.Kevy. Toxocara antibodies in eosinophilic cystitis.J Pediatr1968. 73:340\u2013344."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b8","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"563","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis: a case associated with possible hydatid infection.","volume":"2","author":"Hansman, D. J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hansman, D. J. and J. M.Brown. Eosinophilic cystitis: a case associated with possible hydatid infection.Med J Aust1974. 2:563\u2013565."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b9","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"581","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis caused by vesical sparganosis: a case report.","volume":"149","author":"Oh, S. J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Oh, S. J., J. G.Chi, and S. E.Lee. Eosinophilic cystitis caused by vesical sparganosis: a case report.J Urol1993. 149:581\u2013583."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b10","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"499","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"6","author":"Kessler, W. O.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kessler, W. O., P. L.Clark, and G.Kaplan. Eosinophilic cystitis.Urology1975. 6:499\u2013501."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b11","series-title":"Pediatr Radiol","first-page":"487","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis following an infected urachal remnant.","volume":"29","author":"Goodman, T. R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goodman, T. R., B.Connolly, and G.Taylor. Eosinophilic cystitis following an infected urachal remnant.Pediatr Radiol1999. 29:487\u2013489."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b12","series-title":"Ann Allerg","first-page":"317","article-title":"Hypersensitivity to chromated catgut sutures: a case report and review of the literature.","volume":"56","author":"Engler, R. J. M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Engler, R. J. M., C. B.Weber, and R.Turnicky. Hypersensitivity to chromated catgut sutures: a case report and review of the literature.Ann Allerg1986. 56:317\u2013320."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b13","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"132","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis: an uncommon form of cystitis.","volume":"127","author":"Littleton, R. H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Littleton, R. H., N. F.Riad, and J. C.Cerny. Eosinophilic cystitis: an uncommon form of cystitis.J Urol1982. 127:132\u2013133."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b14","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1366","article-title":"Two cases of eosinophilic cystitis induced by tranilast.","volume":"147","author":"Okada, H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Okada, H., K.Minayoshi, and A.Goto. Two cases of eosinophilic cystitis induced by tranilast.J Urol1992. 147:1366\u20131368."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b15","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"854","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"106","author":"Goldstein, M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Goldstein, M.\n          \n          Eosinophilic cystitis.\n          J Urol\n          1971. 106:854\u2013857."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b16","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"729","article-title":"Intravesical thiotepa-induced eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"46","author":"Choe, J. M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Choe, J. M., A. K.Kirkemo, and L. T.Sirls. Intravesical thiotepa-induced eosinophilic cystitis.Urology1995. 46:729\u2013731."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b17","series-title":"Br J Urol","first-page":"547","article-title":"Allergy to mitomycin C complicating topical administration for urothelial cancer.","volume":"59","author":"Inglis, J. A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Inglis, J. A., D. A.Tolley, and K. M.Grigor. Allergy to mitomycin C complicating topical administration for urothelial cancer.Br J Urol1987. 59:547\u2013549."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b18","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"335","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"112","author":"Marshall, F. F.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Marshall, F. F. and A. W.Middleton. Eosinophilic cystitis.J Urol1974. 112:335\u2013337."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b19","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"457","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis: the relationship of allergy in the urinary tract to eosinophilic cystitis and the pathophysiology of eosinophilia.","volume":"112","author":"Rubin, L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Rubin, L. and M.Pincus. Eosinophilic cystitis: the relationship of allergy in the urinary tract to eosinophilic cystitis and the pathophysiology of eosinophilia.J Urol1974. 112:457\u2013460."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b20","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"729","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"96","author":"Champion, R. H.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Champion, R. H. and R. C.Ackles. Eosinophilic cystitis.J Urol1966. 96:729\u2013732."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b21","series-title":"Eur Urol","first-page":"386","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"37","author":"Van den Ouden, D.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Van den Ouden, D.\n          \n          Diagnosis and management of eosinophilic cystitis.\n          Eur Urol\n          2000. 37:386\u2013394."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b22","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"805","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis in adults.","volume":"165","author":"Itano, N. M. B.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Itano, N. M. B. and R. S.Malek. Eosinophilic cystitis in adults.J Urol2001. 165:805\u2013807."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b23","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"777","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"72","author":"Hellstrom, R. H.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hellstrom, R. H., B. K.Davis, and J. W.Shonnard. Eosinophilic cystitis.Am J Clin Pathol1979. 72:777\u2013784."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b24","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"262","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis in children.","volume":"40","author":"Sujka, S. K.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sujka, S. K., J. E.Fisher, and S. P.Greenfield. Eosinophilic cystitis in children.Urology1992. 40:262\u2013264."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b25","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"117","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis in children: a self-limited process.","volume":"132","author":"Sutphin, M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sutphin, M. and A. W. JrMiddleton. Eosinophilic cystitis in children: a self-limited process.J Urol1984. 132:117\u2013119."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b26","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"576","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis in a neonate.","volume":"173","author":"Al-Omar, O.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al-Omar, O., M. B.Fisher, R.Sarle, and G.McLorie. Eosinophilic cystitis in a neonate.J Urol2005. 173:576."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b27","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"23","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis: advanced disease requiring surgical intervention.","volume":"15","author":"Sidh, S. M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sidh, S. M., S. P.Smith, S. B.Silber, and J. D. JrYoung. Eosinophilic cystitis: advanced disease requiring surgical intervention.Urology1980. 15:23\u201326."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b28","series-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol","first-page":"275","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis simulating invasive bladder carcinoma.","volume":"27","author":"Hansen, M. V.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hansen, M. V. and P. B.Kristensen. Eosinophilic cystitis simulating invasive bladder carcinoma.Scand J Urol Nephrol1993. 27:275\u2013277."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b29","series-title":"Abdom Imag","first-page":"272","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis: CT findings.","volume":"19","author":"Barry, K. A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barry, K. A. and S. Z. H.Jafri. Eosinophilic cystitis: CT findings.Abdom Imag1994. 19:272\u2013273."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b30","series-title":"J Royal Soc Med","first-page":"776","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis mimicking invasive bladder tumor: discussion paper.","volume":"83","author":"Popert, R. J. M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Popert, R. J. M., J. W. A.Ramsay, R. A.Owen, C.Fisher, and W. F.Hendry. Eosinophilic cystitis mimicking invasive bladder tumor: discussion paper.J Royal Soc Med1990. 83:776\u2013778."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b31","series-title":"Abdom Imag","first-page":"270","article-title":"Ultrasonographic detection and control of eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"19","author":"Leibovitch, I.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Leibovitch, I., Z.Heyman, J.Ben Chaim, and B.Goldwasser. Ultrasonographic detection and control of eosinophilic cystitis.Abdom Imag1994. 19:270\u2013271."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b32","series-title":"Urol Int","first-page":"128","article-title":"Eosinophilic cystitis masquerading as invasive bladder cancer.","volume":"61","author":"Sekine, H.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sekine, H., S. I.Kojima, and K.Ohya. Eosinophilic cystitis masquerading as invasive bladder cancer.Urol Int1998. 61:128\u2013129."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b33","series-title":"Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi","first-page":"638","article-title":"Clinical study of interstitial cystitis: I-(1) the etiological consideration of 4 cases of interstitial cystitis with advanced contracted bladder.","volume":"75","author":"Yamada, T.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yamada, T. and H.Taguchi. Clinical study of interstitial cystitis: I-(1) the etiological consideration of 4 cases of interstitial cystitis with advanced contracted bladder.Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi1984. 75:638\u2013645."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b34","series-title":"Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi","first-page":"795","article-title":"Clinical study of interstitial cystitis: I-(1) the etiological consideration of 4 cases of interstitial cystitis with advanced contracted bladder.","volume":"75","author":"Yamada, T.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yamada, T. and H.Taguchi. Clinical study of interstitial cystitis: I-(1) the etiological consideration of 4 cases of interstitial cystitis with advanced contracted bladder.Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi1984. 75:795\u2013801."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b35","series-title":"Eur Urol","first-page":"254","article-title":"Evidence for eosinophil activation in eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"25","author":"Dubucquoi, S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dubucquoi, S., A.Janin, and P.Desreumaux. et al. Evidence for eosinophil activation in eosinophilic cystitis.Eur Urol1994. 25:254\u2013258."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b36","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"703","article-title":"Interleukin 5 synthesis by eosinophils: association with granules and immunoglobulin-dependent secretion.","volume":"179","author":"Dubucquoi, S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dubucquoi, S., P.Desreumaux, and A.Janin. et al. 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Biochemistry, biology and chemistry of the 5-lipoxygenase product 5-oxo-ETE.Prog Lipid Res2005. 44:154\u2013183."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b39","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"40376","article-title":"Oxidative stress stimulates the synthesis of the eosinophil chemoattractant 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid by inflammatory cells.","volume":"279","author":"Erlemann, K. R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Erlemann, K. R., J.Rokach, and W. S.Powell. Oxidative stress stimulates the synthesis of the eosinophil chemoattractant 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid by inflammatory cells.J Biol Chem2004. 279:40376\u201340384."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b40","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"7663","article-title":"11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2, a stable thromboxane metabolite, is a full agonist of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) in human eosinophils and basophils.","volume":"279","author":"B\u0151hm, E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"B\u0151hm, E., G. J.Stum, and I.Weigelhofer. et al. 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2, a stable thromboxane metabolite, is a full agonist of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) in human eosinophils and basophils.J Biol Chem2004. 279:7663\u20137670."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b41","series-title":"J Immunol","first-page":"415","article-title":"Human eosinophils produce biologically active IL-12: implications for control of T cell responses.","volume":"161","author":"Grewe, M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grewe, M., W.Czech, and A.Morita. et al. Human eosinophils produce biologically active IL-12: implications for control of T cell responses.J Immunol1998. 161:415\u2013420."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b42","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"67","article-title":"Ureteral involvement complicating eosinophilic cystitis.","volume":"26","author":"Mitas, J. A. I. I.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mitas, J. A. I. I. and T.Thompson. 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Eosinophilic cystitis: observation on etiology.J Urol1972. 107:595\u2013596."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b47","series-title":"Prog Urol","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Perforation vesicale spontanee due a une cystite a eosinophiles: a propos d'une observation.","volume":"7","author":"Ficarra, V.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ficarra, V., P.Beltrami, G.Giusti, M.Tontodonati, G.Zanon, and G.Malossini. Perforation vesicale spontanee due a une cystite a eosinophiles: a propos d'une observation.Prog Urol1997. 7:1012\u20131014."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-2-289-b48","series-title":"Rev Urol","first-page":"S9","article-title":"Etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of interstitial cystitis.","volume":"4","author":"Sant, G. R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sant, G. 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