{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:14:20Z","timestamp":1778170460552,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Context.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Diagnosis and classification of primary intraocular lymphoma can be challenging because of the sparse cellularity of the vitreous specimens.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014To classify and clinically correlate intraocular lymphoma according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification by using vitrectomy specimens.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Design.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Clinical history, cytologic preparations, flow cytometry reports, and outcome of 16 patients diagnosed with intraocular lymphoma were reviewed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014The study group included 10 women and 6 men. The mean age of the patients was 63 years (range, 19\u201379 years). Eleven patients had central nervous system involvement and 6 patients had systemic involvement. All cases were adequately diagnosed and classified according to the WHO classification by using combination of cytologic preparations and 4-color flow cytometry with a limited panel of antibodies to CD19, CD20, CD5, CD10, and \u03ba and \u03bb light chains. The cases included 9 primary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the CNS type; 2 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified; 1 extranodal, low-grade, marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT); 1 precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma; and 3 peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified. Of note, all 11 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were CD10\u2212. All the patients received systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Only 4 patients were free of disease at last follow-up (range, 18 months to 8 years), with severe visual loss.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Intraocular lymphoma cases can be adequately classified according to the WHO classification. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, CD10\u2212 and most likely of non\u2013germinal center B-cell\u2013like subgroup, is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in this site, in contrast to ocular adnexal lymphoma for which MALT lymphoma is the most common subtype.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.8.1233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T10:40:45Z","timestamp":1613126445000},"page":"1233-1237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Intraocular Lymphoma: Diagnostic Approach and Immunophenotypic Findings in Vitrectomy Specimens"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Kirtee","family":"Raparia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Che(Jeff)","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ch\u00e9vez-Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b1","series-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol","first-page":"411","article-title":"Intraocular lymphoma.","volume":"13","author":"Chan, C. C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chan, C. C., R. R.Buggage, and R. B.Nussenblatt. Intraocular lymphoma.Curr Opin Ophthalmol2002. 13:411\u2013418."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b2","article-title":"Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues.","author":"Swerdlow, S. H.","unstructured":"Swerdlow, S. H., E.Campo, and N. L.Harris. et al, eds. 4th ed. Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues.Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2008. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours; vol 2."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b3","series-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","first-page":"675","article-title":"Epidemiology of brain lymphoma among people with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS\/Cancer Study Group.","volume":"88","author":"Cote, T. R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cote, T. R., A.Manns, C. R.Hardy, F. J.Yellin, and P.Hartge. Epidemiology of brain lymphoma among people with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS\/Cancer Study Group.J Natl Cancer Inst1996. 88:675\u2013679."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b4","series-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol","first-page":"901","article-title":"Primary intraocular lymphoma: a review of the clinical, histopathological and molecular biological features.","volume":"242","author":"Coupland, S. E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coupland, S. E., H.Heimann, and N. E.Bechrakis. Primary intraocular lymphoma: a review of the clinical, histopathological and molecular biological features.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol2004. 242:901\u2013913."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b5","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"1805","article-title":"Intraocular-central nervous system lymphoma: clinical features, diagnosis, and outcomes.","volume":"106","author":"Akpek, E. K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Akpek, E. K., I.Ahmed, and F. H.Hochberg. et al. Intraocular-central nervous system lymphoma: clinical features, diagnosis, and outcomes.Ophthalmology1999. 106:1805\u20131810."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b6","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma: diagnosis by pars plana vitrectomy.","volume":"93","author":"Michels, R. G.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Michels, R. G., D. L.Knox, Y. S.Erozan, and W. R.Green. Intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma: diagnosis by pars plana vitrectomy.Arch Ophthalmol1975. 93:1331\u20131335."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b7","series-title":"Retina","first-page":"S64","article-title":"Applications and limitations of vitreoretinal biopsy techniques in intraocular large cell lymphoma.","volume":"12","author":"Blumenkranz, M. S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Blumenkranz, M. S., T.Ward, S.Murphy, W.Mieler, G. A.Williams, and J.Long. Applications and limitations of vitreoretinal biopsy techniques in intraocular large cell lymphoma.Retina1992. 12:(suppl 3). S64\u2013S70."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b8","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"822","article-title":"Diagnostic testing of vitrectomy specimens.","volume":"140","author":"Davis, J. L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Davis, J. L., D. M.Miller, and P.Ruiz. Diagnostic testing of vitrectomy specimens.Am J Ophthalmol2005. 140:822\u2013829."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b9","series-title":"Cancer Control","first-page":"285","article-title":"Intraocular lymphoma: update on diagnosis and management.","volume":"11","author":"Chan, C. C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan, C. C. and D. J.Wallace. Intraocular lymphoma: update on diagnosis and management.Cancer Control2004. 11:285\u2013295."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b10","series-title":"Curr Opin Oncol","first-page":"137","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of central nervous system lymphoma.","volume":"13","author":"Buggage, R. R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buggage, R. R., C. C.Chan, and R. B.Nussenblatt. Ocular manifestations of central nervous system lymphoma.Curr Opin Oncol2001. 13:137\u2013142."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b11","series-title":"Int Ophthalmol","first-page":"241","article-title":"Biopsy techniques and yields in diagnosing primary intraocular lymphoma.","volume":"27","author":"Gonzales, J. A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonzales, J. A. and C. C.Chan. Biopsy techniques and yields in diagnosing primary intraocular lymphoma.Int Ophthalmol2007. 27:241\u2013250."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b12","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Ocular adnexal lymphoid proliferations: clinical, histologic, flow cytometric, and molecular analysis of forty-three cases.","volume":"110","author":"Sharara, N.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sharara, N., J. T.Holden, T. H.Wojno, A. S.Feinberg, and H. E.Grossniklaus. Ocular adnexal lymphoid proliferations: clinical, histologic, flow cytometric, and molecular analysis of forty-three cases.Ophthalmology2003. 110:1245\u20131254."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b13","series-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol","first-page":"523","article-title":"Lymphomas involving the eye and the ocular adnexa.","volume":"17","author":"Coupland, S. E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coupland, S. E. and B.Damato. Lymphomas involving the eye and the ocular adnexa.Curr Opin Ophthalmol2006. 17:523\u2013531."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b14","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"275","article-title":"Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray.","volume":"103","author":"Hans, C. P.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hans, C. P., D. D.Weisenburger, and T. C.Greiner. et al. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray.Blood2004. 103:275\u2013282."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b15","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"503","article-title":"Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling.","volume":"403","author":"Alizadeh, A. A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alizadeh, A. A., M. B.Eisen, and R. E.Davis. et al. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling.Nature2000. 403:503\u2013511."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b16","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1937","article-title":"The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.","volume":"346","author":"Rosenwald, A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rosenwald, A., G.Wright, and W. C.Chan. et al. The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.N Engl J Med2002. 346:1937\u20131947."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b17","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"3957","article-title":"Expression of immunoglobulin transcription factors in primary intraocular lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma.","volume":"46","author":"Coupland, S. E.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coupland, S. E., C.Loddenkemper, and J. R.Smith. et al. Expression of immunoglobulin transcription factors in primary intraocular lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci2005. 46:3957\u20133964."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b18","series-title":"Clin Neuropathol","first-page":"13","article-title":"Activated B-cell immunophenotype might be associated with poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas.","volume":"27","author":"Bhagavathi, S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhagavathi, S., A.Sharathkumar, and S.Hunter. et al. Activated B-cell immunophenotype might be associated with poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas.Clin Neuropathol2008. 27:13\u201320."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b1","series-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol","first-page":"411","article-title":"Intraocular lymphoma.","volume":"13","author":"Chan, C. C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chan, C. C., R. R.Buggage, and R. B.Nussenblatt. Intraocular lymphoma.Curr Opin Ophthalmol2002. 13:411\u2013418."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b2","article-title":"Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues.","author":"Swerdlow, S. H.","unstructured":"Swerdlow, S. H., E.Campo, and N. L.Harris. et al, eds. 4th ed. Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues.Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2008. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours; vol 2."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b3","series-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","first-page":"675","article-title":"Epidemiology of brain lymphoma among people with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS\/Cancer Study Group.","volume":"88","author":"Cote, T. R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cote, T. R., A.Manns, C. R.Hardy, F. J.Yellin, and P.Hartge. Epidemiology of brain lymphoma among people with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS\/Cancer Study Group.J Natl Cancer Inst1996. 88:675\u2013679."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b4","series-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol","first-page":"901","article-title":"Primary intraocular lymphoma: a review of the clinical, histopathological and molecular biological features.","volume":"242","author":"Coupland, S. E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coupland, S. E., H.Heimann, and N. E.Bechrakis. Primary intraocular lymphoma: a review of the clinical, histopathological and molecular biological features.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol2004. 242:901\u2013913."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b5","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"1805","article-title":"Intraocular-central nervous system lymphoma: clinical features, diagnosis, and outcomes.","volume":"106","author":"Akpek, E. K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Akpek, E. K., I.Ahmed, and F. H.Hochberg. et al. Intraocular-central nervous system lymphoma: clinical features, diagnosis, and outcomes.Ophthalmology1999. 106:1805\u20131810."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b6","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma: diagnosis by pars plana vitrectomy.","volume":"93","author":"Michels, R. G.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Michels, R. G., D. L.Knox, Y. S.Erozan, and W. R.Green. Intraocular reticulum cell sarcoma: diagnosis by pars plana vitrectomy.Arch Ophthalmol1975. 93:1331\u20131335."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b7","series-title":"Retina","first-page":"S64","article-title":"Applications and limitations of vitreoretinal biopsy techniques in intraocular large cell lymphoma.","volume":"12","author":"Blumenkranz, M. S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Blumenkranz, M. S., T.Ward, S.Murphy, W.Mieler, G. A.Williams, and J.Long. Applications and limitations of vitreoretinal biopsy techniques in intraocular large cell lymphoma.Retina1992. 12:(suppl 3). S64\u2013S70."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b8","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"822","article-title":"Diagnostic testing of vitrectomy specimens.","volume":"140","author":"Davis, J. L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Davis, J. L., D. M.Miller, and P.Ruiz. Diagnostic testing of vitrectomy specimens.Am J Ophthalmol2005. 140:822\u2013829."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b9","series-title":"Cancer Control","first-page":"285","article-title":"Intraocular lymphoma: update on diagnosis and management.","volume":"11","author":"Chan, C. C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chan, C. C. and D. J.Wallace. Intraocular lymphoma: update on diagnosis and management.Cancer Control2004. 11:285\u2013295."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b10","series-title":"Curr Opin Oncol","first-page":"137","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of central nervous system lymphoma.","volume":"13","author":"Buggage, R. R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buggage, R. R., C. C.Chan, and R. B.Nussenblatt. Ocular manifestations of central nervous system lymphoma.Curr Opin Oncol2001. 13:137\u2013142."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b11","series-title":"Int Ophthalmol","first-page":"241","article-title":"Biopsy techniques and yields in diagnosing primary intraocular lymphoma.","volume":"27","author":"Gonzales, J. A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonzales, J. A. and C. C.Chan. Biopsy techniques and yields in diagnosing primary intraocular lymphoma.Int Ophthalmol2007. 27:241\u2013250."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b12","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Ocular adnexal lymphoid proliferations: clinical, histologic, flow cytometric, and molecular analysis of forty-three cases.","volume":"110","author":"Sharara, N.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sharara, N., J. T.Holden, T. H.Wojno, A. S.Feinberg, and H. E.Grossniklaus. Ocular adnexal lymphoid proliferations: clinical, histologic, flow cytometric, and molecular analysis of forty-three cases.Ophthalmology2003. 110:1245\u20131254."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b13","series-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol","first-page":"523","article-title":"Lymphomas involving the eye and the ocular adnexa.","volume":"17","author":"Coupland, S. E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coupland, S. E. and B.Damato. Lymphomas involving the eye and the ocular adnexa.Curr Opin Ophthalmol2006. 17:523\u2013531."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b14","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"275","article-title":"Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray.","volume":"103","author":"Hans, C. P.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hans, C. P., D. D.Weisenburger, and T. C.Greiner. et al. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray.Blood2004. 103:275\u2013282."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b15","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"503","article-title":"Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling.","volume":"403","author":"Alizadeh, A. A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alizadeh, A. A., M. B.Eisen, and R. E.Davis. et al. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling.Nature2000. 403:503\u2013511."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b16","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1937","article-title":"The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.","volume":"346","author":"Rosenwald, A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rosenwald, A., G.Wright, and W. C.Chan. et al. The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma.N Engl J Med2002. 346:1937\u20131947."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b17","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"3957","article-title":"Expression of immunoglobulin transcription factors in primary intraocular lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma.","volume":"46","author":"Coupland, S. E.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coupland, S. E., C.Loddenkemper, and J. R.Smith. et al. Expression of immunoglobulin transcription factors in primary intraocular lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci2005. 46:3957\u20133964."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1233-b18","series-title":"Clin Neuropathol","first-page":"13","article-title":"Activated B-cell immunophenotype might be associated with poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas.","volume":"27","author":"Bhagavathi, S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhagavathi, S., A.Sharathkumar, and S.Hunter. et al. Activated B-cell immunophenotype might be associated with poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas.Clin Neuropathol2008. 27:13\u201320."}],"container-title":["Archives of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/arpa\/133\/8\/article-p1233.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/aplm\/article-pdf\/133\/8\/1233\/2767946\/1543-2165-133_8_1233.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/arpa\/133\/8\/article-p1233.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/arpa\/133\/8\/article-p1233.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T01:06:08Z","timestamp":1770771968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/arpa\/133\/8\/article-p1233.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/133.8.1233","relation":{},"ISSN":["1543-2165","0003-9985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1543-2165","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-9985","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}}}