{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T18:54:22Z","timestamp":1773341662246,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Massive retinal gliosis (MRG) is a rare, benign intraocular condition that may develop in association with long-standing eye conditions including chronic inflammation, vascular disorders, glaucoma, trauma, or congenital abnormalities. It is thought to represent a nonneoplastic reactive tissue response to retinal injury. Here, we describe an unusual case of bilateral MRG in association with retinopathy of prematurity. To our knowledge, this may be the first report of such an occurrence. The differential diagnosis of MRG is discussed with specific emphasis on its relationship to vasoproliferative tumor of the retina and presumed acquired retinal hemangiomas. In addition, we hypothesize that MRG, vasoproliferative tumor of the retina, and presumed acquired retinal hemangiomas may represent different phenotypes along a spectrum of the same disease process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.8.1242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T10:41:24Z","timestamp":1613126484000},"page":"1242-1245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bilateral Massive Retinal Gliosis Associated With Retinopathy of Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"S. K. Steven","family":"Houston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Mr Houston); the Departments of Pathology (Drs Bourne and Lopes) and Ophthalmology (Dr Ghazi) and the Division of Neuropathology (Drs Bourne and Lopes), University of Virginia, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. David","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Mr Houston); the Departments of Pathology (Drs Bourne and Lopes) and Ophthalmology (Dr Ghazi) and the Division of Neuropathology (Drs Bourne and Lopes), University of Virginia, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Beatriz S.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Mr Houston); the Departments of Pathology (Drs Bourne and Lopes) and Ophthalmology (Dr Ghazi) and the Division of Neuropathology (Drs Bourne and Lopes), University of Virginia, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola G.","family":"Ghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (Mr Houston); the Departments of Pathology (Drs Bourne and Lopes) and Ophthalmology (Dr Ghazi) and the Division of Neuropathology (Drs Bourne and Lopes), University of Virginia, Charlottesville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b1","series-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol","first-page":"173","article-title":"\u00dcber Diffuse Gliose der Netzhout und ihre Beziehungen zu der Angiomatosis Retinae.","volume":"95","author":"Von Hippel, E.","year":"1918","unstructured":"Von Hippel, E.\n          \n          \u00dcber Diffuse Gliose der Netzhout und ihre Beziehungen zu der Angiomatosis Retinae.\n          Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol\n          1918. 95:173\u2013183."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b2","article-title":"Massive retinal gliosis of the retina.","author":"Friedenwald, J. S.","unstructured":"Friedenwald, J. S.\n          \n          Massive retinal gliosis of the retina.\n          In: Crisp WH, Finnoff WC, eds. Contributions of Ophthalmic Science: Dedicated to Dr. Edward Jackson. Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta; 1926:23\u201328."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b3","series-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin","first-page":"211","article-title":"Massive gliosis of the retina.","volume":"11","author":"Yanoff, M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Yanoff, M., L. E.Zimmerman, and R. L.Davis. Massive gliosis of the retina.Int Ophthalmol Clin1971. 113:211\u2013229."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b4","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Massive retinal gliosis: A reactive proliferation of M\u00fcller cells.","volume":"104","author":"Nork, T. M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nork, T. M., M. W.Ghobrial, G. A.Peyman, and M. O.Tso. Massive retinal gliosis: A reactive proliferation of M\u00fcller cells.Arch Ophthalmol1986. 1049:1383\u20131389."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b5","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"702","article-title":"Massive gliosis of the retina: report of a case investigated by immunohistochemistry and clonality assays.","volume":"36","author":"Inayama, Y.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Inayama, Y., M.Hanashi, T.Yazawa, H.Mitsui, A.Kimura, and D.Ito. Massive gliosis of the retina: report of a case investigated by immunohistochemistry and clonality assays.Hum Pathol2005. 366:702\u2013705."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b6","series-title":"Acta Ophthalmol","first-page":"153","article-title":"Bilateral massive gliosis of the retina involving the optic nerves.","volume":"53","author":"Barishak, R. Y.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Barishak, R. Y. and R.Stein. Bilateral massive gliosis of the retina involving the optic nerves.Acta Ophthalmol1975. 532:153\u2013159."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b7","series-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol","first-page":"255","article-title":"Bartz-Schmidt. Massive retinal gliosis: a late complication of retinal detachment surgery.","volume":"242","author":"Gelisken, F.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gelisken, F., W.Inhoffen, and J. M.Rohrbach. Bartz-Schmidt. Massive retinal gliosis: a late complication of retinal detachment surgery.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol2004. 2423:255\u2013258."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b8","series-title":"Eye","first-page":"781","article-title":"Malignant melanoma and massive retinal gliosis in phthisis bulbi.","volume":"16","author":"Tripathi, A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tripathi, A., P.Hiscott, and B. E.Damato. Malignant melanoma and massive retinal gliosis in phthisis bulbi.Eye2002. 166:781\u2013782."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b9","series-title":"Retina","first-page":"282","article-title":"Idiopathic retinal gliosis mimicking a choroidal melanoma.","volume":"8","author":"Sahel, J. A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sahel, J. A., A. R. JrFrederick, R.Pesavento, and D. M.Albert. Idiopathic retinal gliosis mimicking a choroidal melanoma.Retina1988. 84:282\u2013287."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b10","series-title":"Can J Ophthalmol","first-page":"285","article-title":"Massive retinal gliosis stimulating choroidal melanoma.","volume":"14","author":"Berger, B.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Berger, B., G. A.Peyman, C.Juarez, G.Mason, and M.Raichand. Massive retinal gliosis stimulating choroidal melanoma.Can J Ophthalmol1979. 144:285\u2013290."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b11","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"1292","article-title":"Presumed acquired retinal hemangiomas.","volume":"90","author":"Shields, J. A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Shields, J. A., W. L.Decker, G. E.Sanborn, J. J.Augsburger, and R. E.Goldberg. Presumed acquired retinal hemangiomas.Ophthalmology1983. 9011:1292\u20131300."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b12","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"615","article-title":"Vasoproliferative tumors of the ocular fundus.","volume":"113","author":"Shields, C. L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shields, C. L., J. A.Shields, J.Barrett, and P.De Potter. Vasoproliferative tumors of the ocular fundus.Arch Ophthalmol1995. 1135:615\u2013623."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b13","series-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","first-page":"1162","article-title":"Vasoproliferative tumours of the retina.","volume":"84","author":"Heimann, H.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heimann, H., N.Bornfeld, and O.Vij. et al. Vasoproliferative tumours of the retina.Br J Ophthalmol2000. 8410:1162\u20131169."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b14","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"563","article-title":"Retinal vasoproliferative tumors: surgical management and histological findings.","volume":"118","author":"Irvine, F.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Irvine, F., N.O'Donnel, E.Kemp, and W. R.Lee. Retinal vasoproliferative tumors: surgical management and histological findings.Arch Ophthalmol2000. 1184:563\u2013569."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b15","series-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand","first-page":"83","article-title":"Solitary peripapillary hemangioblastoma: a histopathological case report.","volume":"79","author":"Joussen, A. M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Joussen, A. M. and B.Kirchhof. Solitary peripapillary hemangioblastoma: a histopathological case report.Acta Ophthalmol Scand2001. 7911:83\u201387."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b16","article-title":"Is vasoproliferative tumour (reactive retinal glioangiosis) part of the spectrum of proliferative vitreoretinopathy? [published online ahead of print November 14, 2008].","author":"Hiscott, P.","unstructured":"Hiscott, P. and H.Mudhar. Is vasoproliferative tumour (reactive retinal glioangiosis) part of the spectrum of proliferative vitreoretinopathy? [published online ahead of print November 14, 2008].Eye. doi: 10.1038\/eye.2008.351."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b1","series-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol","first-page":"173","article-title":"\u00dcber Diffuse Gliose der Netzhout und ihre Beziehungen zu der Angiomatosis Retinae.","volume":"95","author":"Von Hippel, E.","year":"1918","unstructured":"Von Hippel, E.\n          \n          \u00dcber Diffuse Gliose der Netzhout und ihre Beziehungen zu der Angiomatosis Retinae.\n          Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol\n          1918. 95:173\u2013183."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b2","article-title":"Massive retinal gliosis of the retina.","author":"Friedenwald, J. S.","unstructured":"Friedenwald, J. S.\n          \n          Massive retinal gliosis of the retina.\n          In: Crisp WH, Finnoff WC, eds. Contributions of Ophthalmic Science: Dedicated to Dr. Edward Jackson. Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta; 1926:23\u201328."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b3","series-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin","first-page":"211","article-title":"Massive gliosis of the retina.","volume":"11","author":"Yanoff, M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Yanoff, M., L. E.Zimmerman, and R. L.Davis. Massive gliosis of the retina.Int Ophthalmol Clin1971. 113:211\u2013229."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b4","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Massive retinal gliosis: A reactive proliferation of M\u00fcller cells.","volume":"104","author":"Nork, T. M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nork, T. M., M. W.Ghobrial, G. A.Peyman, and M. O.Tso. Massive retinal gliosis: A reactive proliferation of M\u00fcller cells.Arch Ophthalmol1986. 1049:1383\u20131389."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b5","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"702","article-title":"Massive gliosis of the retina: report of a case investigated by immunohistochemistry and clonality assays.","volume":"36","author":"Inayama, Y.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Inayama, Y., M.Hanashi, T.Yazawa, H.Mitsui, A.Kimura, and D.Ito. Massive gliosis of the retina: report of a case investigated by immunohistochemistry and clonality assays.Hum Pathol2005. 366:702\u2013705."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b6","series-title":"Acta Ophthalmol","first-page":"153","article-title":"Bilateral massive gliosis of the retina involving the optic nerves.","volume":"53","author":"Barishak, R. Y.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Barishak, R. Y. and R.Stein. Bilateral massive gliosis of the retina involving the optic nerves.Acta Ophthalmol1975. 532:153\u2013159."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b7","series-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol","first-page":"255","article-title":"Bartz-Schmidt. Massive retinal gliosis: a late complication of retinal detachment surgery.","volume":"242","author":"Gelisken, F.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gelisken, F., W.Inhoffen, and J. M.Rohrbach. Bartz-Schmidt. Massive retinal gliosis: a late complication of retinal detachment surgery.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol2004. 2423:255\u2013258."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b8","series-title":"Eye","first-page":"781","article-title":"Malignant melanoma and massive retinal gliosis in phthisis bulbi.","volume":"16","author":"Tripathi, A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tripathi, A., P.Hiscott, and B. E.Damato. Malignant melanoma and massive retinal gliosis in phthisis bulbi.Eye2002. 166:781\u2013782."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b9","series-title":"Retina","first-page":"282","article-title":"Idiopathic retinal gliosis mimicking a choroidal melanoma.","volume":"8","author":"Sahel, J. A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sahel, J. A., A. R. JrFrederick, R.Pesavento, and D. M.Albert. Idiopathic retinal gliosis mimicking a choroidal melanoma.Retina1988. 84:282\u2013287."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b10","series-title":"Can J Ophthalmol","first-page":"285","article-title":"Massive retinal gliosis stimulating choroidal melanoma.","volume":"14","author":"Berger, B.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Berger, B., G. A.Peyman, C.Juarez, G.Mason, and M.Raichand. Massive retinal gliosis stimulating choroidal melanoma.Can J Ophthalmol1979. 144:285\u2013290."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b11","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"1292","article-title":"Presumed acquired retinal hemangiomas.","volume":"90","author":"Shields, J. A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Shields, J. A., W. L.Decker, G. E.Sanborn, J. J.Augsburger, and R. E.Goldberg. Presumed acquired retinal hemangiomas.Ophthalmology1983. 9011:1292\u20131300."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b12","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"615","article-title":"Vasoproliferative tumors of the ocular fundus.","volume":"113","author":"Shields, C. L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shields, C. L., J. A.Shields, J.Barrett, and P.De Potter. Vasoproliferative tumors of the ocular fundus.Arch Ophthalmol1995. 1135:615\u2013623."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b13","series-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","first-page":"1162","article-title":"Vasoproliferative tumours of the retina.","volume":"84","author":"Heimann, H.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heimann, H., N.Bornfeld, and O.Vij. et al. Vasoproliferative tumours of the retina.Br J Ophthalmol2000. 8410:1162\u20131169."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b14","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"563","article-title":"Retinal vasoproliferative tumors: surgical management and histological findings.","volume":"118","author":"Irvine, F.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Irvine, F., N.O'Donnel, E.Kemp, and W. R.Lee. Retinal vasoproliferative tumors: surgical management and histological findings.Arch Ophthalmol2000. 1184:563\u2013569."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b15","series-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand","first-page":"83","article-title":"Solitary peripapillary hemangioblastoma: a histopathological case report.","volume":"79","author":"Joussen, A. M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Joussen, A. M. and B.Kirchhof. Solitary peripapillary hemangioblastoma: a histopathological case report.Acta Ophthalmol Scand2001. 7911:83\u201387."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-8-1242-b16","article-title":"Is vasoproliferative tumour (reactive retinal glioangiosis) part of the spectrum of proliferative vitreoretinopathy? [published online ahead of print November 14, 2008].","author":"Hiscott, P.","unstructured":"Hiscott, P. and H.Mudhar. Is vasoproliferative tumour (reactive retinal glioangiosis) part of the spectrum of proliferative vitreoretinopathy? 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