{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:48:51Z","timestamp":1792158531532,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Context.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014The mechanism of fibrosis is not clear in patients with obliterative bronchiolitis after a remote injury. Immune-mediated progression may be a reason. c-KIT (CD117)\u2013positive mast cells have been associated with chronic fibrosing diseases and may potentially be treated with imatinib (Gleevec), a c-KIT blocker.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014To evaluate the role of mast cells in fibrosis associated with obliterative bronchiolitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Design.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Four cases of obliterative bronchiolitis (household cleaner exposure, ammonia exposure, idiopathic, and posttransplantation) were compared with asthma\/emphysema. Small and large airways were stained for CD20, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD117, CD34, CD25, stem cell factor (c-KIT ligand) and with toluidine blue, hematoxylin-eosin, and trichrome. c-KIT (CD117)\u2013stained slides were digitally scanned with Aperio ScanScope and stained cells within the epithelium and subepithelium of small and large airways were counted (per millimeter of basement membrane).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Mast cells were concentrated within the involved subepithelium of small airways in obliterative bronchiolitis (122 cells\/mm), unlike asthma\/emphysema (25 cells\/mm). Conversely, there were more mast cells in the epithelium in cases of asthma\/emphysema than in obliterative bronchiolitis (7 cells\/mm and 2 cells\/mm, respectively). Mast cells were significantly increased around involved airways versus uninvolved airways (52 cells\/mm vs 14 cells\/mm). Large airways in either group had similar c-KIT (CD117) expression. Stem cell factor was not increased.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Mast cells appear to be concentrated in the lesional small-airway subepithelium in obliterative bronchiolitis. The possible role of c-KIT inhibitors such as imatinib (Gleevec) in the progression of fibrosis preceding the development of obliterative bronchiolitis is discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/133.9.1420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T10:59:14Z","timestamp":1613127554000},"page":"1420-1425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Presence of c-KIT\u2013Positive Mast Cells in Obliterative Bronchiolitis From Diverse Causes"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Neil E.","family":"Fuehrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Drs Fuehrer and Jagirdar); and the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (Dr Marchevsky)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto M.","family":"Marchevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Drs Fuehrer and Jagirdar); and the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (Dr Marchevsky)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaishree","family":"Jagirdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reprints: Jaishree Jagirdar, MD, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229 (Jagirdar@uthscsa.edu)."},{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (Drs Fuehrer and Jagirdar); and the Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (Dr Marchevsky)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b1","series-title":"Arch Environ Health","first-page":"592","article-title":"Chronic ammonia inhalation and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis: a case report and review of the literature.","volume":"58","author":"Brautbar, N.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brautbar, N., M. 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Mast cells and their mediators in cutaneous wound healing\u2014active participants or innocent bystanders?Exp Dermatol1999. 8 (1):1\u201316."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b18","series-title":"J Pathol","first-page":"609","article-title":"Aberrant expression of stem cell factor on biliary epithelial cells and peribiliary infiltration of c-kit-expressing mast cells in hepatolithiasis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a possible contribution to bile duct fibrosis.","volume":"189","author":"Tsuneyama, K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tsuneyama, K., N.Kono, and M.Yamashiro. et al. 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Asbestos-induced fibrosis in rats: increase in lung mast cells and autacoid contents.Exp Lung Res1987. 13 (3):311\u2013327."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b5","series-title":"Clin Chest Med","first-page":"103","article-title":"Acute inhalation injury.","volume":"15","author":"Weiss, S. M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Weiss, S. M. and S.Lakshminarayan. Acute inhalation injury.Clin Chest Med1994. 15:103\u2013114."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b6","series-title":"Clin Chest Med","first-page":"635","article-title":"Inhalational lung injury causing bronchiolitis.","volume":"14","author":"Wright, J. L.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wright, J. L.\n          \n          Inhalational lung injury causing bronchiolitis.\n          Clin Chest Med\n          1993. 14 (4):635\u2013644."},{"issue":"14","key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b7","series-title":"Inhal Toxicol","first-page":"911","article-title":"Long-term pulmonary histopathologic changes in rats following acute experimental exposure to chlorine gas.","volume":"16","author":"Yildirim, C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yildirim, C., H.Kocoglu, S.Goksu, B.Cengiz, I.Sari, and C.Babci. Long-term pulmonary histopathologic changes in rats following acute experimental exposure to chlorine gas.Inhal Toxicol2004. 16 (14):911\u2013915."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b8","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"293","article-title":"Fatal anhydrous ammonia inhalation.","volume":"8","author":"Sobonya, R.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sobonya, R.\n          \n          Fatal anhydrous ammonia inhalation.\n          Hum Pathol\n          1977. 8 (3):293\u2013299."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b9","series-title":"Tuber Lung Dis","first-page":"4","article-title":"Respiratory effects of organic solvent exposure.","volume":"77","author":"Schenker, M. B.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schenker, M. B. and J. A.Jacobs. 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Regulation of mast cell development by inflammatory factors.Curr Med Chem2007. 14:3044\u20133050."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b16","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"383","article-title":"Mast cells in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: mast cell hyperplasia and evidence for extracellular release of tryptase.","volume":"110","author":"Pesci, A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pesci, A., M.Majori, and M. L.Piccoli. et al. Mast cells in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: mast cell hyperplasia and evidence for extracellular release of tryptase.Chest1996. 110:383\u2013391."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b17","series-title":"Exp Dermatol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mast cells and their mediators in cutaneous wound healing\u2014active participants or innocent bystanders?","volume":"8","author":"Artuc, M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Artuc, M., B.Hermes, U. M.Steckelings, A.Grutzkan, and B. M.Henz. Mast cells and their mediators in cutaneous wound healing\u2014active participants or innocent bystanders?Exp Dermatol1999. 8 (1):1\u201316."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b18","series-title":"J Pathol","first-page":"609","article-title":"Aberrant expression of stem cell factor on biliary epithelial cells and peribiliary infiltration of c-kit-expressing mast cells in hepatolithiasis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a possible contribution to bile duct fibrosis.","volume":"189","author":"Tsuneyama, K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tsuneyama, K., N.Kono, and M.Yamashiro. et al. 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Paraffin section detection of the c-kit gene product (CD117) in human tissues: value in the diagnosis of mast cell disorders.Hum Pathol1998. 29 (5):498\u2013504."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b30","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"538","article-title":"The spectrum of Kit (CD117) immunoreactivity in lung and pleural tumors: a study of 96 cases using a single-source antibody with a review of the literature.","volume":"128","author":"Butnor, K. J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Butnor, K. J., J. L.Burchette, T. A.Sporn, S. P.Hammar, and V. L.Roggli. The spectrum of Kit (CD117) immunoreactivity in lung and pleural tumors: a study of 96 cases using a single-source antibody with a review of the literature.Arch Pathol Lab Med2004. 128 (5):538\u2013543."},{"key":"i1543-2165-133-9-1420-b31","series-title":"Pathobiology","first-page":"121","article-title":"Mastocytosis: state of the art.","volume":"74","author":"Horny, H. 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