{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T11:20:52Z","timestamp":1772104852638,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":166,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Context<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014The differential diagnoses of prostatic carcinoma and bladder epithelial neoplasms include several histologic mimics that should be known to avoid misdiagnosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Objective<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014To discuss pseudoneoplastic lesions of the prostate and bladder that could potentially be confused with prostatic carcinoma and bladder epithelial neoplasms, respectively, with specific focus on their distinguishing histopathologic features.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Data Sources<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014Relevant published literature and authors' experience.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014Pseudoneoplastic lesions in the prostate include those of prostatic epithelial origin, the most common being atrophy, adenosis (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia), basal cell hyperplasia, and crowded benign glands, as well as those of nonprostatic origin, such as seminal vesicle epithelium. Such lesions often mimic lower-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma, whereas others, such as clear cell cribriform hyperplasia and granulomatous prostatitis, for example, are in the differential diagnosis of Gleason adenocarcinoma, Gleason grade 4 or 5. Pseudoneoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder include lesions that could potentially be confused with urothelial carcinoma in situ, such as reactive urothelial atypia, and others, such as polypoid\/papillary cystitis, where papillary urothelial neoplasms are the main differential diagnostic concern. Several lesions can mimic invasive urothelial carcinoma, including pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia, von Brunn nests, and nephrogenic adenoma. Diagnostic awareness of the salient histomorphologic and relevant immunohistochemical features of these prostatic and urinary bladder pseudoneoplasms is critical to avoid rendering false-positive diagnoses of malignancy.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/134.3.427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T12:10:33Z","timestamp":1613131833000},"page":"427-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Pseudoneoplastic Mimics of Prostate and Bladder Carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Hameed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Humphrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-134-3-427-b01","series-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol","first-page":"88","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry in diagnostic surgical pathology of the prostate.","volume":"22","author":"Hameed, O.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hameed, O. and P. 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N.Eble. prostatic xanthoma: a mimic of prostatic adenocarcinoma.Hum Pathol1994. 25 (4):386\u2013389."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-134-3-427-b54","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Xanthoma of the prostate: a mimicker of high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma.","volume":"31","author":"Chuang, A. Y.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chuang, A. Y. and J. I.Epstein. Xanthoma of the prostate: a mimicker of high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma.Am J Surg Pathol2007. 31 (8):1225\u20131230."},{"key":"i1543-2165-134-3-427-b55","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"708","article-title":"p63\/AMACR antibody cocktail restaining of prostate needle biopsy tissues after transfer to charged slides: a viable approach in the diagnosis of small atypical foci that are lost on block sectioning.","volume":"124","author":"Hameed, O.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hameed, O. and P. A.Humphrey. p63\/AMACR antibody cocktail restaining of prostate needle biopsy tissues after transfer to charged slides: a viable approach in the diagnosis of small atypical foci that are lost on block sectioning.Am J Clin Pathol2005. 124:708\u2013715."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-134-3-427-b56","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"114","article-title":"Paraganglion of the prostate gland: an uncommon mimic of prostate cancer in needle biopsies.","volume":"47","author":"Howarth, S. M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Howarth, S. M., D. F.Griffiths, and M.Varma. 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Cytokeratin 20 as an objective marker of urothelial dysplasia.Br J Urol1996. 78 (6):870\u2013875."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-134-3-427-b64","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"187","article-title":"Immunohistochemical expression of CK20, p53, and Ki-67 as objective markers of urothelial dysplasia.","volume":"16","author":"Mallofre, C.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mallofre, C., M.Castillo, V.Morente, and M.Sole. Immunohistochemical expression of CK20, p53, and Ki-67 as objective markers of urothelial dysplasia.Mod Pathol2003. 16 (3):187\u2013191."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-134-3-427-b65","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"248","article-title":"Utility of cytokeratin 20 and Ki-67 as markers of urothelial dysplasia.","volume":"55","author":"Kunju, L. P.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kunju, L. P., C. T.Lee, J.Montie, and R. B.Shah. 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Unusual morphologic patterns of basal cell hyperplasia of the prostate.Am J Surg Pathol2002. 26 (2):237\u2013243."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-134-3-427-b30","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"480","article-title":"Basal cell hyperplasia: an unusual diagnostic dilemma on prostate needle biopsies.","volume":"36","author":"Hosler, G. A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hosler, G. A. and J. I.Epstein. Basal cell hyperplasia: an unusual diagnostic dilemma on prostate needle biopsies.Hum Pathol2005. 36 (5):480\u2013485."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-134-3-427-b31","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"697","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma of the prostate: a clinicopathologic study of 29 cases.","volume":"31","author":"Ali, T. Z.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ali, T. Z. and J. I.Epstein. 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