{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T19:41:20Z","timestamp":1764790880425,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective.\u2014It has been suggested that keratinocyte (KC) stem cells reside at the epicenter of a clonal population of cells. To estimate the territory or surface area covered by a single stem-cell\u2013derived KC population in human skin, clonal skin maps were created from 3 healthy adult women and from normal skin of a psoriatic patient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Design.\u2014Two hundred fifty-eight punch biopsy samples of various sizes (ranging from 2 to 8 mm in diameter) were analyzed for clonality employing X chromosome inactivation patterns at the human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) locus. DNA was isolated and clonality established by significant decrease of either maternal or paternal X chromosome band patterns following restriction enzyme digestion, polymerase chain reaction amplification, and gel electrophoresis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results.\u2014Fifty-three (41%) of 128 two-mm biopsies were clonal, whereas only 6 (14%) of 43 three-mm, 5 (14%) of 36 four-mm, and 3 (8%) of 35 five-mm biopsies revealed a clonal population of KCs. By contrast, in 5 different biopsies from a psoriatic patient, including 4- or 5-mm sizes, all but 1 were clonal; even an 8-mm biopsy contained a clonal population of KCs. Mantel-Haenszel \u03c72 analysis revealed a P value of .001, reflecting a strong trend in probability for presence of a single clone of KCs as related to size of the biopsy sample. By sequentially analyzing 30 contiguous 2-mm biopsy samples within a given strip of skin, 10 clonal domain changes, as reflected in maternal versus paternal switches, were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions.\u2014These results provide direct evidence of a clonal population of KCs in normal and psoriatic lesion-free skin, and indicate that a clonal epidermal unit of KCs frequently can be detected in small biopsies (2 mm), but that in normal skin sampling, overlapping clones are apparently present in larger (ie, 4\u20135-mm) biopsies, producing nonclonal patterns. The clonal domain of progeny in normal skin has a rather limited territorial boundary (2 mm in diameter). However, in lesion-free skin from a psoriatic patient, there may be clonal expansion of KCs due to perturbation in epidermopoiesis and\/or stem cell distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/2002-126-0420-eosocu","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T03:24:54Z","timestamp":1611890694000},"page":"420-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Estimation of Size of Clonal Unit for Keratinocytes in Normal Human Skin"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Vijaya","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, 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