{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T07:42:28Z","timestamp":1770795748702,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis is a well-documented phenomenon caused by spread of carcinoma to the pulmonary vasculature and lymphatics, often resulting in respiratory failure and cor pulmonale. It has been described in numerous types of carcinoma, most commonly occurring with carcinomas of the breast and stomach and with choriocarcinoma. We report the case of a patient who presented with increasing shortness of breath and dyspnea on exertion. Autopsy findings revealed diffuse pulmonary vascular spread of a hepatocellular carcinoma to the lungs. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of lymphangitic spread of a hepatocellular carcinoma causing respiratory compromise (lymphangitic carcinomatosis).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/2003-127-e11-lsoh","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T04:56:30Z","timestamp":1611896190000},"page":"e11-e13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lymphangitic Spread of Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"D. Kimberley","family":"Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio,Tex"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip T.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio,Tex"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b1","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"698","article-title":"Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma.","volume":"216","author":"Katyal, S.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Katyal, S., J. H.Oliver, M. S.Peterson, J. V.Ferris, B. S.Carr, and R. L.Baron. Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma.Radiology2000. 216:698\u2013703."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b2","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2174","article-title":"Growth and spread of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of 240 consecutive autopsy cases.","volume":"10","author":"Yuki, K.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yuki, K., S.Hirohashi, M.Sakamoto, T.Kanai, and Y.Shimosato. Growth and spread of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of 240 consecutive autopsy cases.Cancer1990. 10:2174\u20132179."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b3","series-title":"J R Soc Med","first-page":"491","article-title":"Gabriel Andral (1797\u20131876) and the first reports of lymphangitis carcinomatosa.","volume":"82","author":"Doyle, L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Doyle, L.\n          \n          Gabriel Andral (1797\u20131876) and the first reports of lymphangitis carcinomatosa.\n          J R Soc Med\n          1989. 82:491\u2013493."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b4","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Microscopic pulmonary tumor emboli associated with dyspnea.","volume":"36","author":"Kane, R. D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kane, R. D., H. K.Hawkins, J. A.Miller, and P. S.Noce. Microscopic pulmonary tumor emboli associated with dyspnea.Cancer1975. 36:1473\u20131482."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b5","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"271","article-title":"Incidence and clinical significance of tumor embolization to the lungs.","volume":"45","author":"Winterbauer, R. H.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Winterbauer, R. H., I. B.Efenbein, and W. C.Ball. Incidence and clinical significance of tumor embolization to the lungs.Am J Med1968. 45:271\u2013290."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b6","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"131","article-title":"Subacute cor pulmonale due to tumor embolization.","volume":"116","author":"Veinot, J. P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Veinot, J. P., S. E.Ford, and R. G.Price. Subacute cor pulmonale due to tumor embolization.Arch Pathol Lab Med1992. 116:131\u2013134."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b7","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"187","article-title":"Pulmonary tumor embolism to alveolar septal capillaries.","volume":"116","author":"Soares, F. A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Soares, F. A., G. A.Landell, and J. A.de Oliveira. Pulmonary tumor embolism to alveolar septal capillaries.Arch Pathol Lab Med1992. 116:187\u2013188."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b8","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Tumor cell embolism to pulmonary alveolar capillaries cause of sudden cor pulmonale.","volume":"110","author":"Abbondanzo, S. L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Abbondanzo, S. L., R. S.Klappenbach, and E.Tsou. Tumor cell embolism to pulmonary alveolar capillaries cause of sudden cor pulmonale.Arch Pathol Lab Med1986. 110:1197\u20131198."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b9","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"129","article-title":"Pulmonary microvascular cytology in the dyspneic cancer patient: merits and caution.","volume":"116","author":"Luki, P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Luki, P.\n          \n          Pulmonary microvascular cytology in the dyspneic cancer patient: merits and caution.\n          Arch Pathol Lab Med\n          1992. 116:129\u2013130."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b10","series-title":"Diagn Radiol","first-page":"277","article-title":"Unilateral diffuse lung opacity.","volume":"123","author":"Youngberg, A. S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Youngberg, A. S.\n          \n          Unilateral diffuse lung opacity.\n          Diagn Radiol\n          1977. 123:277\u2013281."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b1","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"698","article-title":"Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma.","volume":"216","author":"Katyal, S.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Katyal, S., J. H.Oliver, M. S.Peterson, J. V.Ferris, B. S.Carr, and R. L.Baron. Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma.Radiology2000. 216:698\u2013703."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b2","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2174","article-title":"Growth and spread of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of 240 consecutive autopsy cases.","volume":"10","author":"Yuki, K.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yuki, K., S.Hirohashi, M.Sakamoto, T.Kanai, and Y.Shimosato. Growth and spread of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of 240 consecutive autopsy cases.Cancer1990. 10:2174\u20132179."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b3","series-title":"J R Soc Med","first-page":"491","article-title":"Gabriel Andral (1797\u20131876) and the first reports of lymphangitis carcinomatosa.","volume":"82","author":"Doyle, L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Doyle, L.\n          \n          Gabriel Andral (1797\u20131876) and the first reports of lymphangitis carcinomatosa.\n          J R Soc Med\n          1989. 82:491\u2013493."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-1-e11-b4","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Microscopic pulmonary tumor emboli associated with dyspnea.","volume":"36","author":"Kane, R. D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kane, R. D., H. K.Hawkins, J. A.Miller, and P. S.Noce. 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