{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:31:20Z","timestamp":1770823880248,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neuroendocrine differentiation has been reported in both in situ and infiltrating breast cancers. The prognostic significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in mammary carcinoma is unclear. We report a case of infiltrating ductal carcinoma in which there was a morphologically conventional-appearing infiltrating ductal component admixed with nests of cells that resembled a carcinoid tumor and initially mimicked the appearance of intraductal carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains for synaptophysin and chromogranin demonstrated diffuse, strong positivity uniformly throughout the tumor, even in the more conventional-appearing areas. Electron microscopic examination of tissue retrieved from paraffin blocks was attempted unsuccessfully. We concluded that this was an infiltrating ductal carcinoma with morphologic and immunohistochemical evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation. The case is discussed with a review of the literature and a discussion of nomenclature for tumors of the breast showing variable degrees of neuroendocrine differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/2003-127-e131-dndiam","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T11:37:42Z","timestamp":1611920262000},"page":"e131-e134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Diffuse Neuroendocrine Differentiation in a Morphologically Composite Mammary Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Odile","family":"David","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b1","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"549","article-title":"\u201cCarcinoid\u201d tumors of the breast: the morphologic spectrum of argyrophilic carcinomas.","volume":"6","author":"Azzopardi, J. G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Azzopardi, J. G., P.Muretto, and P.Goddeeris. et al. \u201cCarcinoid\u201d tumors of the breast: the morphologic spectrum of argyrophilic carcinomas.Histopathology1982. 6:549\u2013569."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b2","article-title":"Mammary carcinomas with endocrine features.","author":"Rosen, P. P.","unstructured":"Rosen, P. P.\n          \n          Mammary carcinomas with endocrine features.\n          In: Rosen PP, ed. Breast Pathology. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1997:431\u2013435."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b3","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of nine patients.","volume":"24","author":"Shin, S. J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shin, S. J., R. A.DeLellis, L. B. A.Ying, and P. P.Rosen. Small cell carcinoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of nine patients.Am J Surg Pathol2000. 24:1231\u20131238."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b4","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"737","article-title":"Argyrophilic cells in 202 human mucinous breast carcinomas: relation to histopathologic and clinical features.","volume":"84","author":"Rasmussen, B. B.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rasmussen, B. B., C.Rose, and S. M.Thorpe. et al. Argyrophilic cells in 202 human mucinous breast carcinomas: relation to histopathologic and clinical features.Am J Clin Pathol1985. 84:737\u2013740."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b5","series-title":"Ultrastruct Pathol","first-page":"225","article-title":"Breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation.","volume":"8","author":"Nesland, J. M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Nesland, J. M., V. A.Memoli, and R.Holm. et al. Breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation.Ultrastruct Pathol1985. 8:225\u2013240."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b6","series-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol","first-page":"174","article-title":"Neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinomas of the breast: a study of 51 cases.","volume":"6","author":"Papotti, M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Papotti, M., L.Macri, and G.Finzi. et al. Neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinomas of the breast: a study of 51 cases.Semin Diagn Pathol1989. 6:174\u2013188."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b7","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"186","article-title":"Chromogranin-reactive endocrine cells in argyrophilic carcinomas (\u201ccarcinoids\u201d) and normal tissue of the breast.","volume":"120","author":"Bussolati, G.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bussolati, G., P.Gugliotta, and A.Sapino. et al. Chromogranin-reactive endocrine cells in argyrophilic carcinomas (\u201ccarcinoids\u201d) and normal tissue of the breast.Am J Pathol1985. 120:186\u2013192."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b8","series-title":"J Pathol","first-page":"59","article-title":"Distribution of dense core granules in normal, benign and malignant breast tissue.","volume":"147","author":"Ferguson, D. J. P.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ferguson, D. J. P. and T. J.Anderson. Distribution of dense core granules in normal, benign and malignant breast tissue.J Pathol1985. 147:59\u201365."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b9","series-title":"Breast","first-page":"143","article-title":"Absence of neuroendocrine cells in fetal and adult mammary gland: are neuroendocrine breast tumours real neuroendocrine tumours?","volume":"4","author":"Viacava, P.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Viacava, P., M.Castagna, and G.Bevilacqua. Absence of neuroendocrine cells in fetal and adult mammary gland: are neuroendocrine breast tumours real neuroendocrine tumours?Breast1995. 4:143\u2013146."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b10","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"557","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast with Merkel cell carcinoma-like features.","volume":"48","author":"Fukunaga, M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fukunaga, M.\n          \n          Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast with Merkel cell carcinoma-like features.\n          Pathol Int\n          1998. 48:557\u2013561."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b11","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2129","article-title":"Mammary carcinoma with argyrophil cells.","volume":"52","author":"Toyoshima, S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Toyoshima, S.\n          \n          Mammary carcinoma with argyrophil cells.\n          Cancer\n          1983. 52:2129\u20132138."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b1","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"549","article-title":"\u201cCarcinoid\u201d tumors of the breast: the morphologic spectrum of argyrophilic carcinomas.","volume":"6","author":"Azzopardi, J. G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Azzopardi, J. G., P.Muretto, and P.Goddeeris. et al. \u201cCarcinoid\u201d tumors of the breast: the morphologic spectrum of argyrophilic carcinomas.Histopathology1982. 6:549\u2013569."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b2","article-title":"Mammary carcinomas with endocrine features.","author":"Rosen, P. P.","unstructured":"Rosen, P. P.\n          \n          Mammary carcinomas with endocrine features.\n          In: Rosen PP, ed. Breast Pathology. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1997:431\u2013435."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b3","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1231","article-title":"Small cell carcinoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of nine patients.","volume":"24","author":"Shin, S. J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shin, S. J., R. A.DeLellis, L. B. A.Ying, and P. P.Rosen. 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Absence of neuroendocrine cells in fetal and adult mammary gland: are neuroendocrine breast tumours real neuroendocrine tumours?Breast1995. 4:143\u2013146."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b10","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"557","article-title":"Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast with Merkel cell carcinoma-like features.","volume":"48","author":"Fukunaga, M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fukunaga, M.\n          \n          Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast with Merkel cell carcinoma-like features.\n          Pathol Int\n          1998. 48:557\u2013561."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-3-e131-b11","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2129","article-title":"Mammary carcinoma with argyrophil cells.","volume":"52","author":"Toyoshima, S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Toyoshima, S.\n          \n          Mammary carcinoma with argyrophil cells.\n          Cancer\n          1983. 52:2129\u20132138."}],"container-title":["Archives of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/arpa\/127\/3\/article-pe131.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/aplm\/article-pdf\/127\/3\/e131\/2730256\/0003-9985(2003)127_e131_dndiam_2_0_co_2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/arpa\/127\/3\/article-pe131.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/arpa\/127\/3\/article-pe131.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T01:06:26Z","timestamp":1770771986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/arpa\/127\/3\/article-pe131.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/2003-127-e131-dndiam","relation":{},"ISSN":["1543-2165","0003-9985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1543-2165","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-9985","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}}}