{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T19:02:05Z","timestamp":1793905325786,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined the case of a 52-year-old man presenting with a sarcoma accompanied by severe leukocytosis, which developed many years after a femoral fracture. Histologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis of the tumor revealed that the sarcoma could not be classified by any of the bone or soft tissue tumor classifications currently in use. The tumor cells were isolated from surgical specimens and subcultured in vitro. The concentration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the culture medium was constantly elevated to considerably high levels during 20 cell passages. A genomic study using reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction showed that the cells retained messenger RNA expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The aberrant overexpression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor clearly represented a paraneoplastic phenomenon of the neoplastic cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/2003-127-e186-gcfuso","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T11:25:25Z","timestamp":1611919525000},"page":"e186-e189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor\u2013Producing Undifferentiated Sarcoma Occurring in Previously Fractured Femur"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Marui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuji","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Akisue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Hitora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Yoshiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Kurosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b1","series-title":"Cell Tissue Res","first-page":"353","article-title":"Autocrine growth promotion by multiple hematopoietic growth factors in the established renal cell carcinoma line KU-19\u201320.","volume":"301","author":"Tachibana, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tachibana, M., A.Miyakawa, and J.Nakashima. et al. Autocrine growth promotion by multiple hematopoietic growth factors in the established renal cell carcinoma line KU-19\u201320.Cell Tissue Res2000. 301:353\u2013367."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b2","article-title":"Soft Tissue Tumors.","author":"Enzinger, F. M.","unstructured":"Enzinger, F. M. and S. W.Weiss. Soft Tissue Tumors.St Louis, Mo: CV Mosby; 1988."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b3","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1216","article-title":"Osteosarcoma at the site of previous fracture: a case report.","volume":"62","author":"Berry, M. P.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Berry, M. P., R. D. T.Jenkin, V. L.Fornasier, and D. F.Rideout. Osteosarcoma at the site of previous fracture: a case report.J Bone Joint Surg Am1980. 62:1216\u20131218."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b4","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"777","article-title":"Malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in the region of a femoral fracture: a case report.","volume":"74","author":"Hautamaa, P. V.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hautamaa, P. V., D. W.Gaither, and R. J.Thompson. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in the region of a femoral fracture: a case report.J Bone Joint Surg Am1992. 74:777\u2013780."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b5","series-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol","first-page":"479","article-title":"Malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in a previous site of fracture and osteomyelitis.","volume":"19","author":"Heil\u00f6, H.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Heil\u00f6, H., A.Kivioja, E. O.Karaharju, I.Elomaa, and S.Knuutila. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in a previous site of fracture and osteomyelitis.Eur J Surg Oncol1993. 19:479\u2013484."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b6","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"932","article-title":"Malignant fibrous histiocytoma and osteosarcoma in association with bone infarcts: report of four cases, two in caisson workers.","volume":"56","author":"Mirra, J. M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mirra, J. M., P. G.Bullough, R. C.Marcove, B.Jacobs, and A. G.Huvos. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma and osteosarcoma in association with bone infarcts: report of four cases, two in caisson workers.J Bone Joint Surg Am1974. 56:932\u2013940."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b7","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1849","article-title":"Osteosarcoma associated with osteochondritis dissecans: a case report and review of the literature.","volume":"79","author":"Bahk, W. J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bahk, W. J., E. W.Brien, and J. M.Mirra. Osteosarcoma associated with osteochondritis dissecans: a case report and review of the literature.J Bone Joint Surg Am1997. 79:1849\u20131853."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b8","article-title":"Healing of the musculoskeletal tissues.","author":"Buckwalter, J. A.","unstructured":"Buckwalter, J. A., T. A.Einhorn, M. E.Bolander, and R. L.Cruess. Healing of the musculoskeletal tissues.In: Rockwood CA Jr, Green DP, Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, eds. Fractures in Adults. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1996:261\u2013304."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b9","series-title":"Int J Cancer","first-page":"428","article-title":"Analysis of abnormal expression of G-CSF gene in a novel tumor cell line (KHC 287) elaborating G-CSF, IL-1, and IL-6 with co-amplification of c-myc and c-ki-ras.","volume":"48","author":"Suzuki, A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Suzuki, A., T.Takahashi, and Y.Okuno. et al. Analysis of abnormal expression of G-CSF gene in a novel tumor cell line (KHC 287) elaborating G-CSF, IL-1, and IL-6 with co-amplification of c-myc and c-ki-ras.Int J Cancer1991. 48:428\u2013433."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b10","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"5897","article-title":"Multiple elements in the promoter of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor gene regulate its constitutive expression in human carcinoma cells.","volume":"265","author":"Nishizawa, M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nishizawa, M., M.Tsuchiya, R.Watanabe-Fukunaga, and S.Nagata. 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Human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express hematopoietic cytokines and support long-term hematopoiesis when differentiated toward stromal and osteogenic lineages.J Hematother Stem Cell Res2000. 9:841\u2013848."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b1","series-title":"Cell Tissue Res","first-page":"353","article-title":"Autocrine growth promotion by multiple hematopoietic growth factors in the established renal cell carcinoma line KU-19\u201320.","volume":"301","author":"Tachibana, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tachibana, M., A.Miyakawa, and J.Nakashima. et al. Autocrine growth promotion by multiple hematopoietic growth factors in the established renal cell carcinoma line KU-19\u201320.Cell Tissue Res2000. 301:353\u2013367."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b2","article-title":"Soft Tissue Tumors.","author":"Enzinger, F. M.","unstructured":"Enzinger, F. M. and S. W.Weiss. 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Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1996:261\u2013304."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-4-e186-b9","series-title":"Int J Cancer","first-page":"428","article-title":"Analysis of abnormal expression of G-CSF gene in a novel tumor cell line (KHC 287) elaborating G-CSF, IL-1, and IL-6 with co-amplification of c-myc and c-ki-ras.","volume":"48","author":"Suzuki, A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Suzuki, A., T.Takahashi, and Y.Okuno. et al. 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Human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express hematopoietic cytokines and support long-term hematopoiesis when differentiated toward stromal and osteogenic lineages.J Hematother Stem Cell Res2000. 9:841\u2013848."}],"container-title":["Archives of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/arpa\/127\/4\/article-pe186.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/aplm\/article-pdf\/127\/4\/e186\/2730540\/0003-9985(2003)127_e186_gcfuso_2_0_co_2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/arpa\/127\/4\/article-pe186.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/arpa\/127\/4\/article-pe186.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T01:07:52Z","timestamp":1770772072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/arpa\/127\/4\/article-pe186.xml"}},"subtitle":["A Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/2003-127-e186-gcfuso","relation":{},"ISSN":["1543-2165","0003-9985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1543-2165","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-9985","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}}}