{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:48:40Z","timestamp":1770814120484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma is a rare benign tumor that consists of spindle, epithelial, and adipose cell elements. We present a case of this lesion arising in the supraclavicular region of a 59-year-old man, including the characteristic immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings. DNA flow cytometry revealed diploidy with a low proliferation index (6.73%). The tumor contained CD99\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    lymphocytes; CD99 (MIC2) can serve as a useful marker of immature T cells. These findings suggest that ectopic hamartomatous thymoma may develop from the third branchial pouch or thymic anlage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/2003-127-e378-ehtacr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T10:00:52Z","timestamp":1612778452000},"page":"e378-e381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ectopic Hamartomatous Thymoma: A Case Report Showing CD99+ Lymphocytes and a Low Proliferation Index"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Shi Nae","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Medical College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Sun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Medical College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heasoo","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Medical College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woon Sup","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Medical College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b1","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Unusual subcutaneous mixed tumor exhibiting adipose, fibroblastic, and epithelial components.","volume":"35","author":"Smith, P. S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Smith, P. S. and J.McClure. Unusual subcutaneous mixed tumor exhibiting adipose, fibroblastic, and epithelial components.J Clin Pathol1982. 35:1074\u20131077."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b2","series-title":"Lab Invest","first-page":"70A","article-title":"Spindle cell thymic anlage tumor: four cases of a previously undescribed benign neoplasm of the lower neck.","volume":"42","author":"Rosai, J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rosai, J., G. D.Levine, and C.Limas. Spindle cell thymic anlage tumor: four cases of a previously undescribed benign neoplasm of the lower neck.Lab Invest1982. 42:70A."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b3","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"501","article-title":"Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: a distinctive benign lesion of lower neck.","volume":"8","author":"Rosai, J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rosai, J., C.Limas, and E. M.Husband. Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: a distinctive benign lesion of lower neck.Am J Surg Pathol1984. 8:501\u2013513."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b4","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"13","article-title":"Mixed tumors and myoepitheliomas of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic study of 19 cases with a unifying concept.","volume":"21","author":"Kilpatrick, S. E.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kilpatrick, S. E., M. G.Hitchcock, M. D.Kraus, E.Calonje, and C. D.Fletcher. Mixed tumors and myoepitheliomas of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic study of 19 cases with a unifying concept.Am J Surg Pathol1997. 21:13\u201322."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b5","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"348","article-title":"Cutaneous myoepithelioma: an under-recognized cutaneous neoplasm composed of myoepithelial cells.","volume":"25","author":"Kutzner, H.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kutzner, H., T.Mentzel, S.Kaddu, L. M.Soares, O. P.Sangueza, and L.Requena. Cutaneous myoepithelioma: an under-recognized cutaneous neoplasm composed of myoepithelial cells.Am J Surg Pathol2001. 25:348\u2013355."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b6","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"549","article-title":"Pitfalls in the diagnosis of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma.","volume":"29","author":"Michal, M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Michal, M., M.Zamecnik, M.Gogora, P.Mukensnabl, and L.Neubauer. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma.Histopathology1996. 29:549\u2013555."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b7","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"6552","article-title":"A human thymus-leukemia antigen defined by hybridoma monoclonal antibodies.","volume":"76","author":"Levy, R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Levy, R., J.Dilley, R. I.Fox, and R.Warnke. A human thymus-leukemia antigen defined by hybridoma monoclonal antibodies.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1979. 76:6552\u20136556."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b8","series-title":"Appl Immunohistochem","first-page":"231","article-title":"CD99(p30\/32MIC2) neuroectodermal\/Ewing's sarcoma antigen as an immunohistochemical marker: review of more than 600 tumors and the literature experience.","volume":"2","author":"Stevenson, A. J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stevenson, A. J., J.Chatten, F.Bertoni, and M.Miettinen. CD99(p30\/32MIC2) neuroectodermal\/Ewing's sarcoma antigen as an immunohistochemical marker: review of more than 600 tumors and the literature experience.Appl Immunohistochem1994. 2:231\u2013240."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b9","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"486","article-title":"Immunohistochemical profile of monoclonal antibody O13: antibody that recognizes glycoprotein p30\/32MIC2 and is useful in diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma.","volume":"18","author":"Weidner, N.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Weidner, N. and J.Tjoe. Immunohistochemical profile of monoclonal antibody O13: antibody that recognizes glycoprotein p30\/32MIC2 and is useful in diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma.Am J Surg Pathol1994. 18:486\u2013494."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b10","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"304","article-title":"Ewing's sarcoma\u2014routine diagnostic utilization of MIC2 analysis: a Pediatric Oncology Group\/Children's Cancer Group intergroup study.","volume":"25","author":"Perlman, E. J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Perlman, E. J., P. S.Dickman, F. B.Askin, H. E.Grier, J. S.Miser, and M. P.Link. Ewing's sarcoma\u2014routine diagnostic utilization of MIC2 analysis: a Pediatric Oncology Group\/Children's Cancer Group intergroup study.Hum Pathol1994. 25:304\u2013307."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b11","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1115","article-title":"The MIC2 antibody O13: practical application for the study of thymic epithelial tumors.","volume":"19","author":"Chan, J. K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chan, J. K., W. Y.Tsang, S.Seneviratne, and M. Y.Pau. The MIC2 antibody O13: practical application for the study of thymic epithelial tumors.Am J Surg Pathol1995. 19:1115\u20131123."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b12","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"643","article-title":"Two cases of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma.","volume":"437","author":"Zhao, C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhao, C., T.Yamada, and S.Kuramochi. et al. Two cases of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma.Virchows Arch2000. 437:643\u2013647."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b13","series-title":"Pathology","first-page":"142","article-title":"Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: a case study and review of the literature.","volume":"32","author":"Henderson, C. J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Henderson, C. J. and L.Gupta. Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: a case study and review of the literature.Pathology2000. 32:142\u2013146."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b14","series-title":"APMIS","first-page":"565","article-title":"Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: a case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.","volume":"110","author":"Fukunaga, M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fukunaga, M.\n          \n          Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: a case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.\n          APMIS\n          2002. 110:565\u2013570."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b1","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Unusual subcutaneous mixed tumor exhibiting adipose, fibroblastic, and epithelial components.","volume":"35","author":"Smith, P. S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Smith, P. S. and J.McClure. 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Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: a distinctive benign lesion of lower neck.Am J Surg Pathol1984. 8:501\u2013513."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b4","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"13","article-title":"Mixed tumors and myoepitheliomas of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic study of 19 cases with a unifying concept.","volume":"21","author":"Kilpatrick, S. E.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kilpatrick, S. E., M. G.Hitchcock, M. D.Kraus, E.Calonje, and C. D.Fletcher. Mixed tumors and myoepitheliomas of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic study of 19 cases with a unifying concept.Am J Surg Pathol1997. 21:13\u201322."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b5","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"348","article-title":"Cutaneous myoepithelioma: an under-recognized cutaneous neoplasm composed of myoepithelial cells.","volume":"25","author":"Kutzner, H.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kutzner, H., T.Mentzel, S.Kaddu, L. M.Soares, O. P.Sangueza, and L.Requena. Cutaneous myoepithelioma: an under-recognized cutaneous neoplasm composed of myoepithelial cells.Am J Surg Pathol2001. 25:348\u2013355."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b6","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"549","article-title":"Pitfalls in the diagnosis of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma.","volume":"29","author":"Michal, M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Michal, M., M.Zamecnik, M.Gogora, P.Mukensnabl, and L.Neubauer. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma.Histopathology1996. 29:549\u2013555."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b7","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"6552","article-title":"A human thymus-leukemia antigen defined by hybridoma monoclonal antibodies.","volume":"76","author":"Levy, R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Levy, R., J.Dilley, R. I.Fox, and R.Warnke. A human thymus-leukemia antigen defined by hybridoma monoclonal antibodies.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1979. 76:6552\u20136556."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b8","series-title":"Appl Immunohistochem","first-page":"231","article-title":"CD99(p30\/32MIC2) neuroectodermal\/Ewing's sarcoma antigen as an immunohistochemical marker: review of more than 600 tumors and the literature experience.","volume":"2","author":"Stevenson, A. J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stevenson, A. J., J.Chatten, F.Bertoni, and M.Miettinen. CD99(p30\/32MIC2) neuroectodermal\/Ewing's sarcoma antigen as an immunohistochemical marker: review of more than 600 tumors and the literature experience.Appl Immunohistochem1994. 2:231\u2013240."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b9","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"486","article-title":"Immunohistochemical profile of monoclonal antibody O13: antibody that recognizes glycoprotein p30\/32MIC2 and is useful in diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma.","volume":"18","author":"Weidner, N.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Weidner, N. and J.Tjoe. Immunohistochemical profile of monoclonal antibody O13: antibody that recognizes glycoprotein p30\/32MIC2 and is useful in diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma.Am J Surg Pathol1994. 18:486\u2013494."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b10","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"304","article-title":"Ewing's sarcoma\u2014routine diagnostic utilization of MIC2 analysis: a Pediatric Oncology Group\/Children's Cancer Group intergroup study.","volume":"25","author":"Perlman, E. J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Perlman, E. J., P. S.Dickman, F. B.Askin, H. E.Grier, J. S.Miser, and M. P.Link. Ewing's sarcoma\u2014routine diagnostic utilization of MIC2 analysis: a Pediatric Oncology Group\/Children's Cancer Group intergroup study.Hum Pathol1994. 25:304\u2013307."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b11","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1115","article-title":"The MIC2 antibody O13: practical application for the study of thymic epithelial tumors.","volume":"19","author":"Chan, J. K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chan, J. K., W. Y.Tsang, S.Seneviratne, and M. Y.Pau. The MIC2 antibody O13: practical application for the study of thymic epithelial tumors.Am J Surg Pathol1995. 19:1115\u20131123."},{"key":"i1543-2165-127-9-e378-b12","series-title":"Virchows Arch","first-page":"643","article-title":"Two cases of ectopic hamartomatous thymoma.","volume":"437","author":"Zhao, C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhao, C., T.Yamada, and S.Kuramochi. et al. 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