{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T10:00:02Z","timestamp":1770804002643,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The importance of distinguishing between Barrett metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia is now accepted, and the management of each entity is quite different. Patients with Barrett metaplasia are enrolled in surveillance programs, consisting of periodic endoscopy and biopsy, because of the known risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Patients with intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia, however, are not currently enrolled in such programs, because this condition carries a low risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. The distinction between both conditions by morphologic examination of routine histologic sections of endoscopic biopsies is extremely difficult if at all possible. A group of investigators proposed the use of immunostains for cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CK20 to overcome such difficulty. They concluded that the Barrett CK7\/CK20 pattern was a highly sensitive and specific marker for Barrett metaplasia. Their observations, however, were not confirmed by other investigators. However, because it may be associated with premalignant lesions elsewhere in the gastric mucosa, we propose that intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia may have the same clinical implication as Barrett metaplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/2005-129-181-witroc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T18:52:26Z","timestamp":1612983146000},"page":"181-182","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["What Is the Role of Cytokeratins in Barrett\/Cardia Differentiation?"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Mamoun","family":"Younes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b1","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"288","article-title":"Cytokeratin subsets can reliably distinguish Barrett's esophagus from intestinal metaplasia of the stomach.","volume":"30","author":"Ormsby, A. H.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ormsby, A. H., J. R.Goldblum, and T. W.Rice. et al. Cytokeratin subsets can reliably distinguish Barrett's esophagus from intestinal metaplasia of the stomach.Hum Pathol1999. 30:288\u2013294."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b2","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"683","article-title":"Cytokeratin immunoreactivity patterns in the diagnosis of short-segment Barrett's esophagus.","volume":"119","author":"Ormsby, A. H.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ormsby, A. H., M. F.Vaezi, and J. E.Richter. et al. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity patterns in the diagnosis of short-segment Barrett's esophagus.Gastroenterology2000. 119:683\u2013690."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b3","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"87","article-title":"Phenotype of Barrett's esophagus and intestinal metaplasia of the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction: an immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins 7 and 20, Das-l and 45 MI.","volume":"25","author":"Glickman, I. N.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Glickman, I. N., H.Wang, and K. M.Das. et al. Phenotype of Barrett's esophagus and intestinal metaplasia of the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction: an immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins 7 and 20, Das-l and 45 MI.Am J Surg Pathol2001. 25:87\u201394."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b4","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"1378","article-title":"Cytokeratin subsets for distinguishing Barrett's esophagus from intestinal metaplasia in the cardia using endoscopic biopsy specimens.","volume":"96","author":"El-Zimaity, H. M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"El-Zimaity, H. M. and D. Y.Graham. Cytokeratin subsets for distinguishing Barrett's esophagus from intestinal metaplasia in the cardia using endoscopic biopsy specimens.Am J Gastroenterol2001. 96:1378\u20131382."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b5","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"2514","article-title":"Cytokeratin and DAS-1 immunostaining reveal similarities among cardiac mucosa, CIM, and Barrett's esophagus.","volume":"97","author":"DeMeester, S. R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"DeMeester, S. R., K. S.Wickramasinghe, and R. V.Lord. et al. Cytokeratin and DAS-1 immunostaining reveal similarities among cardiac mucosa, CIM, and Barrett's esophagus.Am J Gastroenterol2002. 97:2514\u20132523."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b6","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"611","article-title":"Utilization of cytokeratins 7 and 20 does not differentiate between Barrett's esophagus and gastric cardiac intestinal metaplasia.","volume":"15","author":"Mohammed, I. A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mohammed, I. A., C. J.Streutker, and R. H.Riddell. Utilization of cytokeratins 7 and 20 does not differentiate between Barrett's esophagus and gastric cardiac intestinal metaplasia.Mod Pathol2002. 15:611\u2013616."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b7","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"1340","article-title":"Acid suppression therapy may not alter malignant progression in Barrett's metaplasia showing p53 protein accumulation.","volume":"97","author":"Carlson, N.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Carlson, N., J.Lechago, and J.Richter. et al. Acid suppression therapy may not alter malignant progression in Barrett's metaplasia showing p53 protein accumulation.Am J Gastroenterol2002. 97:1340\u20131345."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b8","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"17","article-title":"Intestinal metaplasia at the gastro-oesophageal junction: Helicobacter pylori gastritis or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?","volume":"43","author":"Hackelsberger, A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hackelsberger, A., T.Gunther, and V.Schultze. et al. Intestinal metaplasia at the gastro-oesophageal junction: Helicobacter pylori gastritis or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?Gut1998. 43:17\u201321."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b9","series-title":"Dis Esophagus","first-page":"61","article-title":"Comparison of clinical, endoscopic and functional findings in patients with intestinal metaplasia at the cardia, carditis and short-segment columnar epithelium of the distal esophagus with and without intestinal metaplasia.","volume":"13","author":"Csendes, A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Csendes, A., G.Smok, N.Flores, J.Rojas, J.Quiroz, and A.Henriquez. Comparison of clinical, endoscopic and functional findings in patients with intestinal metaplasia at the cardia, carditis and short-segment columnar epithelium of the distal esophagus with and without intestinal metaplasia.Dis Esophagus2000. 13:61\u201368."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b10","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"351","article-title":"Bile reflux gastritis and intestinal metaplasia at the cardia.","volume":"51","author":"Dixon, M. F.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dixon, M. F., N. P.Mapstone, P. M.Neville, P.Moayyedi, and A. T.Axon. Bile reflux gastritis and intestinal metaplasia at the cardia.Gut2002. 51:351\u2013355."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b11","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"633","article-title":"Inflammation and intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia: the role of gastroesophageal reflux and H. pylori infection.","volume":"114","author":"Goldblum, J. R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goldblum, J. R., N.Vicari, and G. W.Falk. et al. 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A., C. J.Streutker, and R. H.Riddell. Utilization of cytokeratins 7 and 20 does not differentiate between Barrett's esophagus and gastric cardiac intestinal metaplasia.Mod Pathol2002. 15:611\u2013616."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b7","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"1340","article-title":"Acid suppression therapy may not alter malignant progression in Barrett's metaplasia showing p53 protein accumulation.","volume":"97","author":"Carlson, N.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Carlson, N., J.Lechago, and J.Richter. et al. Acid suppression therapy may not alter malignant progression in Barrett's metaplasia showing p53 protein accumulation.Am J Gastroenterol2002. 97:1340\u20131345."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b8","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"17","article-title":"Intestinal metaplasia at the gastro-oesophageal junction: Helicobacter pylori gastritis or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?","volume":"43","author":"Hackelsberger, A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hackelsberger, A., T.Gunther, and V.Schultze. et al. 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Comparison of clinical, endoscopic and functional findings in patients with intestinal metaplasia at the cardia, carditis and short-segment columnar epithelium of the distal esophagus with and without intestinal metaplasia.Dis Esophagus2000. 13:61\u201368."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b10","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"351","article-title":"Bile reflux gastritis and intestinal metaplasia at the cardia.","volume":"51","author":"Dixon, M. F.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dixon, M. F., N. P.Mapstone, P. M.Neville, P.Moayyedi, and A. T.Axon. Bile reflux gastritis and intestinal metaplasia at the cardia.Gut2002. 51:351\u2013355."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-181-b11","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"633","article-title":"Inflammation and intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia: the role of gastroesophageal reflux and H. pylori infection.","volume":"114","author":"Goldblum, J. R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goldblum, J. R., N.Vicari, and G. W.Falk. et al. 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