{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:38:28Z","timestamp":1787027908837,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Context.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014Mast cells may be increased as a reactive mastocytosis in various hematologic disorders and malignant neoplasms, as well as in systemic mast cell disease (SMCD). There are no statistical differences in mast cell numbers in reactive mastocytosis and SMCD; however, SMCD usually reveals dyspoietic mast cells and other dyspoietic bone marrow elements. In addition, SMCD is frequently (45%) associated with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) (17%) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) (28%). Thus, it has been suggested that SMCD may represent one aspect of a hematologic disorder that involves multiple bone marrow lineages.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Objective.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014To perform a systematic evaluation of MPDs and MDSs without SMCD for dyspoietic mast cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Design.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014A total of 55 MPDs or MDSs were reviewed, including 20 cytogenetically proven chronic myeloid leukemias, 6 essential thrombocythemias, 2 polycythemia veras, 21 cytogenetically proven MDSs, and 6 chronic myelomonocytic leukemias. Cases of idiopathic myelofibrosis were not included due to lack of spicules. The bone marrow aspirates were reviewed for an increase in mast cells (1+ to 3+), dyspoietic features within mast cells (decreased cytoplasmic granularity, uneven granule distribution), and a predominance of fusiform mast cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014All cases, except 2 MDSs, had evaluable bone marrow spicules. Of interest, the MPDs were significantly more associated with increased and dyspoietic mast cells (57% and 61%, respectively) than were the MDSs (11% and 4%, respectively). The 2 polycythemia veras and 6 chronic myelomonocytic leukemias did not reveal increased or dyspoietic mast cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014These findings indicate that MPDs (chronic myeloid leukemia and essential thrombocythemia) frequently contain neoplastic mast cells as the spectrum of abnormal bone marrow cells. This feature, in conjunction with other parameters, may possibly be useful in the differential diagnosis of MPDs and MDSs. Our findings, compared with the previously reported findings in SMCD, suggest that SMCD may be more closely related to MPDs than to MDSs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/2005-129-219-eomcim","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T18:58:03Z","timestamp":1612983483000},"page":"219-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Evaluation of Mast Cells in Myeloproliferative Disorders and Myelodysplastic Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Cherie H.","family":"Dunphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b1","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"425","article-title":"Systemic mastocytosis: extracutaneous manifestations.","volume":"7","author":"Brunning, R. D.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Brunning, R. D., R. W.McKenna, and J.Rosai. et al. Systemic mastocytosis: extracutaneous manifestations.Am J Surg Pathol1983. 7:425\u2013438."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b2","series-title":"Medicine","first-page":"345","article-title":"Systemic mast cell disease: analysis of 58 cases with literature review.","volume":"67","author":"Travis, W. D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Travis, W. D., C-Y.Li, and E. J.Bergstralh. et al. Systemic mast cell disease: analysis of 58 cases with literature review.Medicine1988. 67:345\u2013368."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b3","series-title":"Pathol Res Pract","first-page":"439","article-title":"Tissue mast cells in health and disease.","volume":"179","author":"Parwaresch, M. R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Parwaresch, M. R., H-P.Horny, and K.Lennert. Tissue mast cells in health and disease.Pathol Res Pract1985. 179:439\u2013461."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b4","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"231","article-title":"Mast cell infiltrates of the skin and the mastocytosis syndrome.","volume":"4","author":"Mihm, M. C.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mihm, M. C., W. H.Clark, and R. J.Reed. et al. Mast cell infiltrates of the skin and the mastocytosis syndrome.Hum Pathol1973. 4:231\u2013239."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b5","series-title":"Histol Histopathol","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Systemic mast cell disease (mastocytosis): general aspects and histopathological diagnosis.","volume":"12","author":"Horny, H-P.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Horny, H-P., P.Ruck, and S.Krober. et al. 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Bone marrow mast cells in lymphoproliferative disorders.Ann Intern Med1978. 88:753\u2013757."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b8","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"177","article-title":"Bone marrow mast cell morphologic features and hematopoetic dyspoiesis in systemic mast cell disease.","volume":"116","author":"Stevens, E. C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stevens, E. C. and M. S.Rosenthal. Bone marrow mast cell morphologic features and hematopoetic dyspoiesis in systemic mast cell disease.Am J Clin Pathol2001. 116:177\u2013182."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b9","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"349","article-title":"Mast cells and mast cell neoplasia: a review.","volume":"3","author":"Lennert, K.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lennert, K. and M. R.Parwaresch. 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Hematologic manifestations of systemic mast cell disease: a prospective study of laboratory and morphologic features and their relation to prognosis.Am J Med1991. 91:612\u2013624."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b17","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"423","article-title":"Bone marrow mastocytosis associated with an undifferentiated extramedullary tumor of hematopoietic origin.","volume":"121","author":"Horny, H-P.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Horny, H-P., E.Kaiserling, and C.Sillaber. et al. Bone marrow mastocytosis associated with an undifferentiated extramedullary tumor of hematopoietic origin.Arch Pathol Lab Med1997. 121:423\u2013426."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b18","series-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent advances in mastocytosis research.","volume":"120","author":"Valent, P.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Valent, P., L.Escribano, and R. M.Parwaresch. et al. Recent advances in mastocytosis research.Int Arch Allergy Immunol1999. 120:1\u20137."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b1","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"425","article-title":"Systemic mastocytosis: extracutaneous manifestations.","volume":"7","author":"Brunning, R. D.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Brunning, R. D., R. W.McKenna, and J.Rosai. et al. Systemic mastocytosis: extracutaneous manifestations.Am J Surg Pathol1983. 7:425\u2013438."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b2","series-title":"Medicine","first-page":"345","article-title":"Systemic mast cell disease: analysis of 58 cases with literature review.","volume":"67","author":"Travis, W. D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Travis, W. D., C-Y.Li, and E. J.Bergstralh. et al. Systemic mast cell disease: analysis of 58 cases with literature review.Medicine1988. 67:345\u2013368."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b3","series-title":"Pathol Res Pract","first-page":"439","article-title":"Tissue mast cells in health and disease.","volume":"179","author":"Parwaresch, M. R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Parwaresch, M. R., H-P.Horny, and K.Lennert. Tissue mast cells in health and disease.Pathol Res Pract1985. 179:439\u2013461."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b4","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"231","article-title":"Mast cell infiltrates of the skin and the mastocytosis syndrome.","volume":"4","author":"Mihm, M. C.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mihm, M. C., W. H.Clark, and R. J.Reed. et al. Mast cell infiltrates of the skin and the mastocytosis syndrome.Hum Pathol1973. 4:231\u2013239."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b5","series-title":"Histol Histopathol","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Systemic mast cell disease (mastocytosis): general aspects and histopathological diagnosis.","volume":"12","author":"Horny, H-P.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Horny, H-P., P.Ruck, and S.Krober. et al. Systemic mast cell disease (mastocytosis): general aspects and histopathological diagnosis.Histol Histopathol1997. 12:1081\u20131089."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b6","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"34","article-title":"Increased bone marrow mast cells in preleukemic syndromes, acute leukemia, and lymphoproliferative disorders.","volume":"75","author":"Prokocimer, M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Prokocimer, M. and A.Polliack. Increased bone marrow mast cells in preleukemic syndromes, acute leukemia, and lymphoproliferative disorders.Am J Clin Pathol1981. 75:34\u201338."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b7","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"753","article-title":"Bone marrow mast cells in lymphoproliferative disorders.","volume":"88","author":"Yoo, D.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Yoo, D., L. S.Lessin, and W. N.Jensen. Bone marrow mast cells in lymphoproliferative disorders.Ann Intern Med1978. 88:753\u2013757."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b8","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"177","article-title":"Bone marrow mast cell morphologic features and hematopoetic dyspoiesis in systemic mast cell disease.","volume":"116","author":"Stevens, E. C.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stevens, E. C. and M. S.Rosenthal. Bone marrow mast cell morphologic features and hematopoetic dyspoiesis in systemic mast cell disease.Am J Clin Pathol2001. 116:177\u2013182."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b9","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"349","article-title":"Mast cells and mast cell neoplasia: a review.","volume":"3","author":"Lennert, K.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lennert, K. and M. R.Parwaresch. Mast cells and mast cell neoplasia: a review.Histopathology1979. 3:349\u2013365."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b10","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"927","article-title":"Systemic mast cell disease: a clinical and hematopathologic study of 26 cases.","volume":"49","author":"Webb, T. A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Webb, T. A., C-Y.Li, and L. T.Yam. Systemic mast cell disease: a clinical and hematopathologic study of 26 cases.Cancer1982. 49:927\u2013938."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b11","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"808","article-title":"Bone marrow findings in systemic mastocytosis.","volume":"16","author":"Horny, H-P.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Horny, H-P., M. R.Parwaresch, and K.Lennert. Bone marrow findings in systemic mastocytosis.Hum Pathol1985. 16:808\u2013814."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b12","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"9","article-title":"Systemic mastocytosis and other mast cell neoplasms.","volume":"106","author":"Bain, B. J.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bain, B. J.\n          \n          Systemic mastocytosis and other mast cell neoplasms.\n          Br J Haematol\n          1999. 106:9\u201317."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b13","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"965","article-title":"Significance of systemic mast cell disease with associated hematologic disorders.","volume":"62","author":"Travis, W. D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Travis, W. D., C-Y.Li, and E. J.Bergstralh. et al. Significance of systemic mast cell disease with associated hematologic disorders.Cancer1988. 62:965\u2013972."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b14","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"186","article-title":"Blood findings in generalized mastocytosis: evidence of frequent simultaneous occurrence of myeloproliferative disorders.","volume":"76","author":"Horny, H-P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Horny, H-P., M.Ruck, and M.Wehrmann. et al. Blood findings in generalized mastocytosis: evidence of frequent simultaneous occurrence of myeloproliferative disorders.Br J Haematol1990. 76:186\u2013193."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b15","series-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med","first-page":"365","article-title":"Solid and hematologic malignancies in 60 patients with systemic mast cell disease.","volume":"113","author":"Travis, W. D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Travis, W. D., C-Y.Li, and E. J.Bergstralh. Solid and hematologic malignancies in 60 patients with systemic mast cell disease.Arch Pathol Lab Med1989. 113:365\u2013368."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-2-219-b16","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"612","article-title":"Hematologic manifestations of systemic mast cell disease: a prospective study of laboratory and morphologic features and their relation to prognosis.","volume":"91","author":"Lawrence, J. B.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lawrence, J. B., B. S.Friedman, and W. D.Travis. et al. 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