{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:10:00Z","timestamp":1788520200800,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nodular mucinosis is an extremely rare breast lesion. This benign mass usually presents clinically as a poorly circumscribed, subareolar, myxoid mass in young female patients. We report a case of this rare breast lesion and discuss its clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features. A 21-year-old white woman presented with a mass in the left breast of 6 months' duration. She had never been pregnant or had any history of breast feeding, surgery, trauma, or use of exogenous hormones or a family history of breast cancer. Clinical breast examination demonstrated a 1 cm \u201crubbery\u201d mass directly under and continuous with the left nipple. The skin that covered the mass had an edematous and irregular appearance without erythema or drainage from the nipple. Ultrasonography demonstrated a 1-cm, nonintraductal, circumscribed, homogeneous, isoechoic mass that was continuous or part of the base of the left nipple. The mass was smooth, with a thin echogenic rim. Doppler flow showed some vascularity. These findings suggested a benign breast lesion, including a fibroadenoma or nipple adenoma. Despite reassurance, the patient desired excision of the lesion. Gross examination revealed a nodular, rubbery-firm, ovoid, pink, polypoid mass that measured 1.5 \u00d7 0.9 \u00d7 0.8 cm. Microscopic examination showed a well-circumscribed tumor with a nodular appearance, which consisted of an accumulation of pink myxoid tissue and contained spindle cells with bland-appearing nuclei, no mitosis, and mild cellularity. The pink myxoid tissue was stained with Hale colloidal iron and Alcian blue. The Alcian blue stain was removed by pretreatment with hyaluronidase. The spindle cells stained with vimentin and smooth muscle actin; however, they did not express smooth muscle myosin or cytokeratin. This report presents and discusses the pathologic, ultrasonographic, and clinical findings of this rare entity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/2005-129-e58-nmotba","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T20:40:17Z","timestamp":1612989617000},"page":"e58-e61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Nodular Mucinosis of the Breast: A Case Report With Pathologic, Ultrasonographic, and Clinical Findings and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Souzan","family":"Sanati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Sanati and Eltorky) and Radiology (Drs Lenoard and Khamapirad), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morton","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Sanati and Eltorky) and Radiology (Drs Lenoard and Khamapirad), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuenchit","family":"Khamapirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Sanati and Eltorky) and Radiology (Drs Lenoard and Khamapirad), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"Eltorky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Pathology (Drs Sanati and Eltorky) and Radiology (Drs Lenoard and Khamapirad), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b1","article-title":"Benign mesenchymal neoplasms.","author":"Rosen, P. P.","unstructured":"Rosen, P. P.\n          \n          Benign mesenchymal neoplasms.\n          In: Rosen's Breast Pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:784\u2013786."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b2","article-title":"Diseases of the nipple.","author":"Tavasoli, F. A.","unstructured":"Tavasoli, F. A.\n          \n          Diseases of the nipple.\n          In: Pathology of the Breast. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange; 1992:589."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b3","series-title":"Virchows Arch Pathol Anat","first-page":"163","article-title":"Nerve sheath myxoma of the breast: a light and electron microscopic, histochemical and immunohistochemical study.","volume":"416","author":"Wee, A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wee, A., C. E. L.Tan, and G. C.Raju. Nerve sheath myxoma of the breast: a light and electron microscopic, histochemical and immunohistochemical study.Virchows Arch Pathol Anat1989. 416:163\u2013167."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b4","series-title":"Pathol Int","first-page":"542","article-title":"Nodular mucinosis of the breast: report of 3 cases.","volume":"48","author":"Michal, M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Michal, M., M.Ludvikova, and M.Zamecnik. Nodular mucinosis of the breast: report of 3 cases.Pathol Int1998. 48:542\u2013544."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b5","series-title":"Breast Cancer","first-page":"261","article-title":"Nodular mucinosis of the breast: a case report with clinical and imaging findings.","volume":"9","author":"Koide, N.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koide, N., S.Akashi-Tanaka, T.Fukutomi, T.Nanasawa, and T.Hasegawa. Nodular mucinosis of the breast: a case report with clinical and imaging findings.Breast Cancer2002. 9:261\u2013264."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b6","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"713","article-title":"Myxoid fibroadenoma and allied conditions (myxomatosis) of the breast: a heritable disorder with special associations including cardiac and cutaneous myxomas.","volume":"15","author":"Carney, J. A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Carney, J. A. and B. C.Toorkey. Myxoid fibroadenoma and allied conditions (myxomatosis) of the breast: a heritable disorder with special associations including cardiac and cutaneous myxomas.Am J Surg Pathol1991. 15:713\u2013721."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b7","series-title":"FEBS Lett","first-page":"59","article-title":"Human tumors associated with Carney complex and germline PRKAR1A mutations: a protein kinase A disease!","volume":"546","author":"Stergiopoulos, S. G.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stergiopoulos, S. G. and C. A.Stratakis. Human tumors associated with Carney complex and germline PRKAR1A mutations: a protein kinase A disease!FEBS Lett2003. 546:59\u201364."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b8","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","first-page":"1","article-title":"The cutaneous mucinoses.","volume":"14","author":"Truhan, A. P.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Truhan, A. P. and H. H.Roenigk. The cutaneous mucinoses.J Am Acad Dermatol1986. 14:1\u201318."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b9","series-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol","first-page":"374","article-title":"Mucinosis of the mammary areolae and mycosis fungoides.","volume":"21","author":"Vazquez-Doval, F. J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vazquez-Doval, F. J. and M. A.Sola. Mucinosis of the mammary areolae and mycosis fungoides.Clin Exp Dermatol1996. 21:374\u2013376."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b10","series-title":"Appl Immunohistochem","first-page":"141","article-title":"Antibodies to novel myoepithelium-associated proteins distinguish benign lesions and carcinoma in situ from invasive carcinoma of the breast.","volume":"5","author":"Wang, N. P.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wang, N. P., B. C.Wan, and M.Skelly. et al. Antibodies to novel myoepithelium-associated proteins distinguish benign lesions and carcinoma in situ from invasive carcinoma of the breast.Appl Immunohistochem1997. 5:141\u2013151."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b11","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"464","article-title":"Mucocele-like tumors of the breast.","volume":"10","author":"Rosen, P. P.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rosen, P. P.\n          \n          Mucocele-like tumors of the breast.\n          Am J Surg Pathol\n          1986. 10:464\u2013469."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b12","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Mammary mucocele-like lesions: benign and malignant.","volume":"20","author":"Hamele-Bena, D.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hamele-Bena, D., M. L.Cranor, and P. P.Rosen. Mammary mucocele-like lesions: benign and malignant.Am J Surg Pathol1996. 20:1081\u20131085."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b13","series-title":"Breast Cancer","first-page":"157","article-title":"Mucocele-like tumor of the breast caused by ductal carcinoma in situ: a case report.","volume":"10","author":"Kato, M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kato, M., K.Oda, T.Kubota, M.Kato, F.Akiyama, and Y.Nimura. Mucocele-like tumor of the breast caused by ductal carcinoma in situ: a case report.Breast Cancer2003. 10:157\u2013162."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b14","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"875","article-title":"Mucocele-like tumors of the breast: cytologic findings in 2 cases.","volume":"95","author":"Bharghava, V.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bharghava, V., T. R.Miller, and M. B.Cohen. Mucocele-like tumors of the breast: cytologic findings in 2 cases.Am J Clin Pathol1991. 95:875\u2013577."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b15","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphomas and leukemias.","author":"Edler, D.","unstructured":"Edler, D., R.Elentisas, C.Jaworsky, and B.Johnson. Cutaneous lymphomas and leukemias.In: Lever's Histopathology of the Skin. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1997:415\u2013416, 820\u2013827."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b1","article-title":"Benign mesenchymal neoplasms.","author":"Rosen, P. P.","unstructured":"Rosen, P. P.\n          \n          Benign mesenchymal neoplasms.\n          In: Rosen's Breast Pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:784\u2013786."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b2","article-title":"Diseases of the nipple.","author":"Tavasoli, F. A.","unstructured":"Tavasoli, F. A.\n          \n          Diseases of the nipple.\n          In: Pathology of the Breast. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange; 1992:589."},{"key":"i1543-2165-129-3-e58-b3","series-title":"Virchows Arch Pathol Anat","first-page":"163","article-title":"Nerve sheath myxoma of the breast: a light and electron microscopic, histochemical and immunohistochemical study.","volume":"416","author":"Wee, A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wee, A., C. E. L.Tan, and G. C.Raju. 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