{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:58:19Z","timestamp":1772967499367,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":270,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"\n Context<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014The gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of extranodal lymphomas. Although all histologic categories of malignant lymphoma develop in the gastrointestinal tract, large B-cell lymphomas predominate, followed by extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type; the latter is especially prevalent in stomach. The acceptance of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type as a clinicopathologic entity has reduced the number of cases that formerly were interpreted as florid lymphoid hyperplasia (\u201cpseudolymphoma\u201d). Nonetheless, the distinction of lymphoid hyperplasia from a lymphoma of MALT type in small biopsy specimens remains problematic.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Objective<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014To assess the relevant morphologic, immunologic, molecular, and genetic properties of gastrointestinal lymphomas and to present a feasible tactic for diagnosis, expressly for small biopsy specimens.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Data Sources<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014Case-derived material and literature review using PubMed (National Library of Medicine).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014Most gastrointestinal lymphomas are readily amenable to an unqualified diagnosis, primarily those cases consisting of monomorphic large cells whether of B- or T-cell lineage, including cases associated with enteropathy. Diagnosis for infiltrates dominated by small lymphocytes remains taxing, as the differential diagnosis embraces not only MALT lymphoma and lymphoid hyperplasia but also mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Adherence to strict morphologic criteria is the standard for diagnosis, but these criteria should be augmented by immunologic studies together with judicious use of molecular techniques to determine clonality. In establishing a diagnosis of gastric marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type, determination of t(11;18)(q21;q21) status may be required since this translocation has clinical ramifications.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2011-0145-ra","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,4]],"date-time":"2011-10-04T20:27:11Z","timestamp":1317760031000},"page":"1283-1297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Lymphoproliferative Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review and Pragmatic Guide to Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Jerome S.","family":"Burke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b01","series-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Cancer surveillance series: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence by histologic subtype in the United States from 1978 through 1995","volume":"92","author":"Graves\n FD,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Graves\n FD, \n \n Linet\n MS, \n \n Travis\n LB, \n \n Devesa\n SS\n \n . 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Histopathology. 2005;47(5):467\u2013478."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b49","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"1701","article-title":"Homing receptor \u03b14\u03b27 integrin expression predicts digestive tract involvement in mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"153","author":"Geissmann\n F,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Geissmann\n F, \n \n Ruskon\u00e9-Fourmestraux\n A, \n \n Hermine\n O\n , et al. \n Homing receptor \u03b14\u03b27 integrin expression predicts digestive tract involvement in mantle cell lymphoma. Am J Pathol. 1998;153(6):1701\u20131705."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b50","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"116","article-title":"Multiple polypoid lesions of primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of colon","volume":"32","author":"Yatabe\n Y,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yatabe\n Y, \n \n Nakamura\n S, \n \n Nakamura\n T\n , et al. \n Multiple polypoid lesions of primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of colon. Histopathology. 1998;32(2):116\u2013125."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b51","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"586","article-title":"Frequency of gastrointestinal involvement and its clinical significance in mantle cell lymphoma","volume":"97","author":"Romaguera\n JE,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Romaguera\n JE, \n \n Medeiros\n LJ, \n \n Hagemeister\n FB\n , et al. \n Frequency of gastrointestinal involvement and its clinical significance in mantle cell lymphoma. 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Am J Pathol. 2003;162(1):105\u2013113."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b58","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"377","article-title":"Duodenal follicular lymphomas share common characteristics with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas","volume":"61","author":"Sato\n Y,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sato\n Y, \n \n Ichimura\n K, \n \n Tanaka\n T\n , et al. \n Duodenal follicular lymphomas share common characteristics with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. J Clin Pathol. 2008;61(3):377\u2013381."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b59","series-title":"Mod Pathol","first-page":"940","article-title":"Duodenal and nodal follicular lymphomas are distinct: the former lacks activation-induced cytidine deaminase and follicular dendritic cells despite ongoing somatic hypermutations","volume":"22","author":"Takata\n K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Takata\n K, \n \n Sato\n Y, \n \n Nakamura\n N\n , et al. \n Duodenal and nodal follicular lymphomas are distinct: the former lacks activation-induced cytidine deaminase and follicular dendritic cells despite ongoing somatic hypermutations. 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Primary intestinal lymphoma of \u201cWestern\u201d and \u201cMediterranean\u201d type, alpha chain disease and massive plasma cell infiltration: a comparative study of 37 cases. Cancer. 1976;38(6):2511\u20132528."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b63","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1340","article-title":"\u201cMediterranean abdominal lymphoma\u201d or immunoproliferative small intestinal disease, part II: pathological aspects","volume":"41","author":"Nassar\n VH,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nassar\n VH, \n \n Salem\n PA, \n \n Shahid\n MJ\n , et al. \n \u201cMediterranean abdominal lymphoma\u201d or immunoproliferative small intestinal disease, part II: pathological aspects. Cancer. 1978;41(4):1340\u20131354."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b64","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Immunoproliferative small-intestinal disease: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"13","author":"Isaacson\n PG,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Isaacson\n PG, \n \n Dogan\n A, \n \n Price\n SK, \n \n Spencer\n J\n \n . Immunoproliferative small-intestinal disease: an immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13(12):1023\u20131033."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b65","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2274","article-title":"Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID): a model for mature B-cell neoplasms","volume":"105","author":"Al-Saleem\n T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al-Saleem\n T, \n \n Al-Mondhiry\n H\n \n . Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID): a model for mature B-cell neoplasms. Blood. 2005;105(6):2274\u20132280."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b66","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"7","article-title":"Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease: a study of 13 cases with alpha heavy-chain disease","volume":"17","author":"Price\n SK","year":"1990","unstructured":"Price\n SK\n \n . Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease: a study of 13 cases with alpha heavy-chain disease. Histopathology. 1990;17(1):7\u201317."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b67","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"239","article-title":"Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease associated with Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"350","author":"Lecuit\n M,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lecuit\n M, \n \n Abachin\n E, \n \n Matin\n A\n , et al. \n Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease associated with Campylobacter jejuni. 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Am J Pathol. 1992;141(6):1361\u20131371."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b70","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"429","article-title":"Primary lymphoma of the small intestine: a clinicopathological study of 119 cases","volume":"17","author":"Domizio\n P,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Domizio\n P, \n \n Owen\n RA, \n \n Shepherd\n NA, \n \n Talbot\n IC, \n \n Norton\n AJ\n \n . Primary lymphoma of the small intestine: a clinicopathological study of 119 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993;17(5):429\u2013442."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b71","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"708","article-title":"Primary T-cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I: an analysis using in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction","volume":"71","author":"Tokunaga\n O,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tokunaga\n O, \n \n Watanabe\n T, \n \n Shimamoto\n Y, \n \n Tokudome\n S\n \n . Primary T-cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I: an analysis using in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Cancer. 1993;71(3):708\u2013716."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b72","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"135","article-title":"Clinicopathological analysis of 143 primary malignant lymphomas in the small and large intestines based on the new WHO classification","volume":"43","author":"Kohno\n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kohno\n S, \n \n Ohshima\n K, \n \n Yoneda\n S, \n \n Kodama\n T, \n \n Shirakusa\n T, \n \n Kikuchi\n M\n \n . Clinicopathological analysis of 143 primary malignant lymphomas in the small and large intestines based on the new WHO classification. Histopathology. 2003;43(2):135\u2013143."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b73","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Intestinal T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas in Taiwan with special emphasis on 2 distinct cellular types: natural killer-like cytotoxic T cell and true natural killer cell","volume":"39","author":"Tung\n CL,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tung\n CL, \n \n Hsieh\n PP, \n \n Chang\n JH, \n \n Chen\n RS, \n \n Chen\n YJ, \n \n Wang\n JS\n \n . Intestinal T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas in Taiwan with special emphasis on 2 distinct cellular types: natural killer-like cytotoxic T cell and true natural killer cell. 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Hum Pathol. 2010;41(9):1231\u20131237."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b76","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"395","article-title":"Pathological and immunohistological findings and genetic aberrations of intestinal entropathy-associated T cell lymphoma in Japan","volume":"58","author":"Takeshita\n M,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Takeshita\n M, \n \n Nakamura\n S, \n \n Kikuma\n K\n , et al. \n Pathological and immunohistological findings and genetic aberrations of intestinal entropathy-associated T cell lymphoma in Japan. Histopathology. 2011;58(3):395\u2013407."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b77","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"S68","article-title":"Classification of intestinal T-cell neoplasms and their differential diagnosis","volume":"111","author":"Chott\n A,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chott\n A, \n \n Vesely\n M, \n \n Simonitsch\n I, \n \n Mosberger\n I, \n \n Hanak\n H\n \n . Classification of intestinal T-cell neoplasms and their differential diagnosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999;111(suppl 1):S68\u2013S74."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b78","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Most CD56+ intestinal lymphomas are CD8+CD5\u2212 T-cell lymphomas of monomorphic small to medium size histology","volume":"153","author":"Chott\n A,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chott\n A, \n \n Haedicke\n W, \n \n Mosberger\n I\n , et al. \n Most CD56+ intestinal lymphomas are CD8+CD5\u2212 T-cell lymphomas of monomorphic small to medium size histology. Am J Pathol. 1998;153(5):1483\u20131490."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b79","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"260","article-title":"Mucosal intra-epithelial lymphocytes in enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, ulcerative jejunitis, and refractory celiac disease constitute a neoplastic population","volume":"94","author":"Bagdi\n E,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bagdi\n E, \n \n Diss\n TC, \n \n Munson\n P, \n \n Isaacson\n PG\n \n . Mucosal intra-epithelial lymphocytes in enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, ulcerative jejunitis, and refractory celiac disease constitute a neoplastic population. Blood. 1999;94(1):260\u2013264."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b80","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"1635","article-title":"Chromosomal gains at 9q characterize enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma","volume":"161","author":"Zettl\n A,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zettl\n A, \n \n Ott\n G, \n \n Makulik\n A\n , et al. \n Chromosomal gains at 9q characterize enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma. Am J Pathol. 2002;161(5):1635\u20131645."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b81","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"701","article-title":"Enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma","volume":"127","author":"Zettl\n A,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zettl\n A, \n \n deLeeuw\n R, \n \n Haralambieva\n E, \n \n Mueller-Hermelink\n HK\n \n . Enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127(5):701\u2013706."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b82","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"1902","article-title":"Whole-genome analysis and HLA genotyping of enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma reveals 2 distinct lymphoma subtypes","volume":"132","author":"Deleeuw\n RJ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deleeuw\n RJ, \n \n Zettl\n A, \n \n Klinker\n E\n , et al. \n Whole-genome analysis and HLA genotyping of enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma reveals 2 distinct lymphoma subtypes. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(5):1902\u20131911."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b83","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"493","article-title":"Molecular analysis of T-cell clonality in ulcerative jejunitis and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma","volume":"151","author":"Ashton-Key\n M,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ashton-Key\n M, \n \n Diss\n TC, \n \n Pan\n L, \n \n Du\n MQ, \n \n Isaacson\n PG\n \n . Molecular analysis of T-cell clonality in ulcerative jejunitis and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. Am J Pathol. 1997;151(2):493\u2013498."},{"issue":"9225","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b84","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"203","article-title":"Refractory sprue, coeliac disease, and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma","volume":"356","author":"Cellier\n C,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cellier\n C, \n \n Delabesse\n E, \n \n Helmer\n C\n , et al. \n Refractory sprue, coeliac disease, and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. Lancet. 2000;356(9225):203\u2013208."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b85","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"744","article-title":"Mucosal intraepithelial T-lymphocytes in refractory celiac disease: a neoplastic population with a variable CD8 phenotype","volume":"32","author":"de Mascarel\n A,","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Mascarel\n A, \n \n Belleann\u00e9e\n G, \n \n Stanislas\n S\n , et al. \n Mucosal intraepithelial T-lymphocytes in refractory celiac disease: a neoplastic population with a variable CD8 phenotype. 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Blood. 1998;92(10):3879\u20133886."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b88","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"452","article-title":"Continual monitoring of intraepithelial lymphocyte immunophenotype and clonality is more important than snapshot analysis in the surveillance of refractory celiac disease","volume":"59","author":"Liu\n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu\n H, \n \n Bris\n R, \n \n Lavergne-Slove\n A\n , et al. \n Continual monitoring of intraepithelial lymphocyte immunophenotype and clonality is more important than snapshot analysis in the surveillance of refractory celiac disease. 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Blood. 2009;113(17):3931\u20133937."},{"issue":"14","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b93","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"2740","article-title":"Intestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a multicenter prospective clinical study from the German Study Group on Intestinal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Daum\n S,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Daum\n S, \n \n Ullrich\n R, \n \n Heise\n W\n , et al. \n Intestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a multicenter prospective clinical study from the German Study Group on Intestinal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. 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Blood. 2011;117(5):1447\u20131452."},{"issue":"25","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b95","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"5631","article-title":"Lymphomatoid gastropathy: a distinct clinicopathologic entity of self-limited pseudomalignant NK-cell proliferation","volume":"116","author":"Takeuchi\n K,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takeuchi\n K, \n \n Yokoyama\n M, \n \n Ishizawa\n S\n , et al. \n Lymphomatoid gastropathy: a distinct clinicopathologic entity of self-limited pseudomalignant NK-cell proliferation. Blood. 2010;116(25):5631\u20135637."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b96","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"539","article-title":"Atypical NK-cell proliferation of the gastrointestinal tract in a patient with antigliadin antibodies but not celiac disease","volume":"30","author":"Vega\n F,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vega\n F, \n \n Chang\n CC, \n \n Schwartz\n MR\n , et al. \n Atypical NK-cell proliferation of the gastrointestinal tract in a patient with antigliadin antibodies but not celiac disease. 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Gut. 2006;55(6):782\u2013787."},{"issue":"8776","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b101","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and primary B-cell gastric lymphoma","volume":"338","author":"Wotherspoon\n AC,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wotherspoon\n AC, \n \n Ortiz-Hildago\n C, \n \n Falzon\n MR, \n \n Isaacson\n PG\n \n . Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and primary B-cell gastric lymphoma. Lancet. 338(8776):1175\u20131176, 1991."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b102","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"577","article-title":"Gastric lymphoid follicles in Helicobacter pylori infection: frequency, distribution, and response to triple therapy","volume":"24","author":"Genta\n RM,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Genta\n RM, \n \n Hamner\n HW, \n \n Graham\n DY\n \n . Gastric lymphoid follicles in Helicobacter pylori infection: frequency, distribution, and response to triple therapy. Hum Pathol. 1993;24(6):577\u2013583."},{"issue":"18","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b103","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma","volume":"330","author":"Parsonnet\n J,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Parsonnet\n J, \n \n Hansen\n S, \n \n Rodriguez\n L\n , et al. \n Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(18):1267\u20131271."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b104","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"3","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and primary gastric lymphoma: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 327 patients","volume":"79","author":"Nakamura\n S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakamura\n S, \n \n Yao\n T, \n \n Aoyagi\n K, \n \n Iida\n M, \n \n Fujishima\n M, \n \n Tsuneyoshi\n M\n \n . Helicobacter pylori and primary gastric lymphoma: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 327 patients. 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N Engl J Med. 1998;338(12):804\u2013810."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b107","series-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"105","article-title":"Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on early stage gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma","volume":"8","author":"Zullo\n A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zullo\n A, \n \n Hassan\n C, \n \n Christofari\n F\n , et al. \n Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on early stage gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8(2):105\u2013110."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b108","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"29","article-title":"Low grade gastric B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT): a multifocal disease","volume":"20","author":"Wotherspoon\n AC,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wotherspoon\n AC, \n \n Doglioni\n C, \n \n Isaacson\n PG\n \n . Low grade gastric B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT): a multifocal disease. Histopathology. 1992;20(1):29\u201334."},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b109","series-title":"Ann Oncol","first-page":"v175","article-title":"Gastric marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Zucca\n E,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zucca\n E, \n \n Dreyling\n M\n \n ; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Gastric marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. 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Med Oncol. 2010;27(2):291\u2013295."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b113","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"1656","article-title":"Proposal for a new histological grading system for post-treatment evaluation of gastric MALT lymphoma [letter]","volume":"52","author":"Copie-Bergman\n C,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Copie-Bergman\n C, \n \n Gaulard\n P, \n \n Lavergne-Slove\n A\n , et al. \n Proposal for a new histological grading system for post-treatment evaluation of gastric MALT lymphoma [letter]. 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Blood. 1996;87(4):1255\u20131260."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b115","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"1600","article-title":"Long-term persistence of monoclonal B cells after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection and complete histologic remission in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue B-cell lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Thiede\n C,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thiede\n C, \n \n W\u00fcndisch\n T, \n \n Alpen\n B\n , et al. \n Long-term persistence of monoclonal B cells after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection and complete histologic remission in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue B-cell lymphoma. 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Blood. 2002;99(7):2541\u20132544."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b118","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"63","article-title":"Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas with t(11;18)(q21;q21) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas with aneuploidy develop along different pathogenetic pathways","volume":"161","author":"Remstein\n ED,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Remstein\n ED, \n \n Kurtin\n PJ, \n \n James\n CD, \n \n Wang\n XY, \n \n Meyer\n RG, \n \n Dewald\n GW\n \n . Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas with t(11;18)(q21;q21) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas with aneuploidy develop along different pathogenetic pathways. 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Am J Pathol. 2003;162(1):105\u2013113."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b58","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"377","article-title":"Duodenal follicular lymphomas share common characteristics with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas","volume":"61","author":"Sato\n Y,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sato\n Y, \n \n Ichimura\n K, \n \n Tanaka\n T\n , et al. \n Duodenal follicular lymphomas share common characteristics with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. 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Primary intestinal lymphoma of \u201cWestern\u201d and \u201cMediterranean\u201d type, alpha chain disease and massive plasma cell infiltration: a comparative study of 37 cases. Cancer. 1976;38(6):2511\u20132528."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b63","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"1340","article-title":"\u201cMediterranean abdominal lymphoma\u201d or immunoproliferative small intestinal disease, part II: pathological aspects","volume":"41","author":"Nassar\n VH,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nassar\n VH, \n \n Salem\n PA, \n \n Shahid\n MJ\n , et al. \n \u201cMediterranean abdominal lymphoma\u201d or immunoproliferative small intestinal disease, part II: pathological aspects. Cancer. 1978;41(4):1340\u20131354."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b64","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Immunoproliferative small-intestinal disease: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"13","author":"Isaacson\n PG,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Isaacson\n PG, \n \n Dogan\n A, \n \n Price\n SK, \n \n Spencer\n J\n \n . Immunoproliferative small-intestinal disease: an immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13(12):1023\u20131033."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b65","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"2274","article-title":"Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID): a model for mature B-cell neoplasms","volume":"105","author":"Al-Saleem\n T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al-Saleem\n T, \n \n Al-Mondhiry\n H\n \n . Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID): a model for mature B-cell neoplasms. Blood. 2005;105(6):2274\u20132280."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b66","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"7","article-title":"Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease: a study of 13 cases with alpha heavy-chain disease","volume":"17","author":"Price\n SK","year":"1990","unstructured":"Price\n SK\n \n . Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease: a study of 13 cases with alpha heavy-chain disease. Histopathology. 1990;17(1):7\u201317."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b67","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"239","article-title":"Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease associated with Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"350","author":"Lecuit\n M,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lecuit\n M, \n \n Abachin\n E, \n \n Matin\n A\n , et al. \n Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease associated with Campylobacter jejuni. 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Histopathology. 2003;43(2):135\u2013143."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b73","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Intestinal T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas in Taiwan with special emphasis on 2 distinct cellular types: natural killer-like cytotoxic T cell and true natural killer cell","volume":"39","author":"Tung\n CL,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tung\n CL, \n \n Hsieh\n PP, \n \n Chang\n JH, \n \n Chen\n RS, \n \n Chen\n YJ, \n \n Wang\n JS\n \n . Intestinal T-cell and natural killer-cell lymphomas in Taiwan with special emphasis on 2 distinct cellular types: natural killer-like cytotoxic T cell and true natural killer cell. 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Hum Pathol. 2010;41(9):1231\u20131237."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b76","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"395","article-title":"Pathological and immunohistological findings and genetic aberrations of intestinal entropathy-associated T cell lymphoma in Japan","volume":"58","author":"Takeshita\n M,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Takeshita\n M, \n \n Nakamura\n S, \n \n Kikuma\n K\n , et al. \n Pathological and immunohistological findings and genetic aberrations of intestinal entropathy-associated T cell lymphoma in Japan. Histopathology. 2011;58(3):395\u2013407."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b77","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"S68","article-title":"Classification of intestinal T-cell neoplasms and their differential diagnosis","volume":"111","author":"Chott\n A,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chott\n A, \n \n Vesely\n M, \n \n Simonitsch\n I, \n \n Mosberger\n I, \n \n Hanak\n H\n \n . Classification of intestinal T-cell neoplasms and their differential diagnosis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999;111(suppl 1):S68\u2013S74."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b78","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Most CD56+ intestinal lymphomas are CD8+CD5\u2212 T-cell lymphomas of monomorphic small to medium size histology","volume":"153","author":"Chott\n A,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chott\n A, \n \n Haedicke\n W, \n \n Mosberger\n I\n , et al. \n Most CD56+ intestinal lymphomas are CD8+CD5\u2212 T-cell lymphomas of monomorphic small to medium size histology. 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Blood. 1999;94(1):260\u2013264."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b80","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"1635","article-title":"Chromosomal gains at 9q characterize enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma","volume":"161","author":"Zettl\n A,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zettl\n A, \n \n Ott\n G, \n \n Makulik\n A\n , et al. \n Chromosomal gains at 9q characterize enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma. Am J Pathol. 2002;161(5):1635\u20131645."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b81","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"701","article-title":"Enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma","volume":"127","author":"Zettl\n A,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zettl\n A, \n \n deLeeuw\n R, \n \n Haralambieva\n E, \n \n Mueller-Hermelink\n HK\n \n . Enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127(5):701\u2013706."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b82","series-title":"Gastroenterology","first-page":"1902","article-title":"Whole-genome analysis and HLA genotyping of enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma reveals 2 distinct lymphoma subtypes","volume":"132","author":"Deleeuw\n RJ,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deleeuw\n RJ, \n \n Zettl\n A, \n \n Klinker\n E\n , et al. \n Whole-genome analysis and HLA genotyping of enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma reveals 2 distinct lymphoma subtypes. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(5):1902\u20131911."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b83","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"493","article-title":"Molecular analysis of T-cell clonality in ulcerative jejunitis and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma","volume":"151","author":"Ashton-Key\n M,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ashton-Key\n M, \n \n Diss\n TC, \n \n Pan\n L, \n \n Du\n MQ, \n \n Isaacson\n PG\n \n . Molecular analysis of T-cell clonality in ulcerative jejunitis and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. Am J Pathol. 1997;151(2):493\u2013498."},{"issue":"9225","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b84","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"203","article-title":"Refractory sprue, coeliac disease, and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma","volume":"356","author":"Cellier\n C,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cellier\n C, \n \n Delabesse\n E, \n \n Helmer\n C\n , et al. \n Refractory sprue, coeliac disease, and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. Lancet. 2000;356(9225):203\u2013208."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b85","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"744","article-title":"Mucosal intraepithelial T-lymphocytes in refractory celiac disease: a neoplastic population with a variable CD8 phenotype","volume":"32","author":"de Mascarel\n A,","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Mascarel\n A, \n \n Belleann\u00e9e\n G, \n \n Stanislas\n S\n , et al. \n Mucosal intraepithelial T-lymphocytes in refractory celiac disease: a neoplastic population with a variable CD8 phenotype. 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Blood. 1998;92(10):3879\u20133886."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b88","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"452","article-title":"Continual monitoring of intraepithelial lymphocyte immunophenotype and clonality is more important than snapshot analysis in the surveillance of refractory celiac disease","volume":"59","author":"Liu\n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu\n H, \n \n Bris\n R, \n \n Lavergne-Slove\n A\n , et al. \n Continual monitoring of intraepithelial lymphocyte immunophenotype and clonality is more important than snapshot analysis in the surveillance of refractory celiac disease. 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Hum Pathol. 1993;24(6):577\u2013583."},{"issue":"18","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b103","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma","volume":"330","author":"Parsonnet\n J,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Parsonnet\n J, \n \n Hansen\n S, \n \n Rodriguez\n L\n , et al. \n Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1994;330(18):1267\u20131271."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-135-10-1283-b104","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"3","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and primary gastric lymphoma: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 327 patients","volume":"79","author":"Nakamura\n S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakamura\n S, \n \n Yao\n T, \n \n Aoyagi\n K, \n \n Iida\n M, \n \n Fujishima\n M, \n \n Tsuneyoshi\n M\n \n . Helicobacter pylori and primary gastric lymphoma: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 327 patients. 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