{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T17:15:40Z","timestamp":1793898940002,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"\n Context<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, fatal lung disease occurring in older individuals. Despite 50\u00a0years of accrued data about the disease, little progress has been made in slowing functional loss or in decreasing patient mortality.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Objective<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014To present a novel hypothesis on the etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Design<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014Published data are reviewed regarding the epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, radiologic findings, and pathologic findings in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may be predisposed genetically to tractional injury to the peripheral lung. The result is recurrent damage to the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, preferentially at the outer edges of the basilar lung lobules where tractional stress is high during inspiration, compliance is relatively low, and there is a greater tendency for alveolar collapse at end-expiration. A distinctive \u201creticular network of injury\u201d (the\n fibroblast focus<\/jats:italic>\n ) forms, attended by a prolonged phase of wound repair (\n tear and slow repair<\/jats:italic>\n ). Discrete areas of alveolar collapse are observed in scar at the periphery of the lung lobules. The cycle repeats over many years resulting in progressive fibrous remodeling and replacement of the alveoli in a lobule by bronchiolar cysts surrounded by scar (\n honeycomb lung<\/jats:italic>\n ). Abnormalities in surfactant function are proposed as a potential mechanism of initial lung damage. Age of onset may be a function of a required threshold of environmental exposures (eg, cigarette smoking) or other comorbid injury to the aging lung.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2014Evidence supporting this hypothesis is presented and potential mechanisms are discussed. A potential role for contributing cofactors is presented.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2011-0511-oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,3]],"date-time":"2011-12-03T12:28:50Z","timestamp":1322915330000},"page":"591-600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis May Be a Disease of Recurrent, Tractional Injury to the Periphery of the Aging Lung: A Unifying Hypothesis Regarding Etiology and Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.5858","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Kevin O.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3906","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b01","series-title":"Eur Respir J","first-page":"163","article-title":"International consensus statement on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Costabel\n U,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Costabel\n U, \n \n King\n TE\n \n . International consensus statement on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2001;17(2):163\u2013167."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b02","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"788","article-title":"An official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management","volume":"183","author":"Raghu\n G,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raghu\n G, \n \n Collard\n HR, \n \n Egan\n JJ\n , et al; for ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT Committee on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(6):788\u2013824."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b03","series-title":"Respirology","first-page":"19","article-title":"Current clinical trials for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Klingsberg\n RC,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Klingsberg\n RC, \n \n Mutsaers\n SE, \n \n Lasky\n JA\n \n . Current clinical trials for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology. 2010;15(1):19\u201331."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b04","series-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol","first-page":"340","article-title":"Lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Nannini\n C,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nannini\n C, \n \n Ryu\n JH, \n \n Matteson\n EL\n \n . Lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008;20(3):340\u2013346."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b05","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"236","article-title":"Future research directions in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: summary of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group","volume":"166","author":"Crystal\n RG,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crystal\n RG, \n \n Bitterman\n PB, \n \n Mossman\n B\n , et al. \n Future research directions in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: summary of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(2):236\u2013246."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b06","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","first-page":"213","article-title":"Antifibrotic therapy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"322","author":"Lasky\n JA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lasky\n JA, \n \n Ortiz\n LA\n \n . Antifibrotic therapy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Med Sci. 2001;322(4):213\u2013221."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b07","series-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis","first-page":"7","article-title":"Epithelial stem cell exhaustion in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Chilosi\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chilosi\n M, \n \n Doglioni\n C, \n \n Murer\n B, \n \n Poletti\n V\n \n . Epithelial stem cell exhaustion in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2010;27(1):7\u201318."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b08","series-title":"Drugs","first-page":"981","article-title":"New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"71","author":"Ding\n Q,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ding\n Q, \n \n Luckhardt\n T, \n \n Hecker\n L\n , et al. \n New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Drugs. 2011;71(8):981\u20131001."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b09","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"254","article-title":"Targeted injury of type II alveolar epithelial cells induces pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"181","author":"Sisson\n TH,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sisson\n TH, \n \n Mendez\n M, \n \n Choi\n K\n , et al. \n Targeted injury of type II alveolar epithelial cells induces pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;181(3):254\u2013263."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b10","series-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc","first-page":"364","article-title":"Role of epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from innocent targets to serial killers","volume":"3","author":"Selman\n M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Selman\n M, \n \n Pardo\n A\n \n . Role of epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from innocent targets to serial killers. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006;3(4):364\u2013372."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b11","series-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc","first-page":"350","article-title":"Evolving concepts of apoptosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Thannickal\n VJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thannickal\n VJ, \n \n Horowitz\n JC\n \n . Evolving concepts of apoptosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006;3(4):350\u2013356."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b12","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"729","article-title":"Telomere shortening in familial and sporadic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"178","author":"Cronkhite\n JT,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cronkhite\n JT, \n \n Xing\n C, \n \n Raghu\n G\n , et al. \n Telomere shortening in familial and sporadic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178(7):729\u2013737."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b13","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"1177","article-title":"The pathology of honeycomb lung","author":"Heppleston\n A","year":"1956","unstructured":"Heppleston\n A\n \n . The pathology of honeycomb lung. Thorax. 1956;1177\u20131193."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b14","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"444","article-title":"Tridimensional photographic reconstruction in a study of the pathogenesis of honeycomb lung","volume":"22","author":"Pimentel\n J","year":"1967","unstructured":"Pimentel\n J\n \n . Tridimensional photographic reconstruction in a study of the pathogenesis of honeycomb lung. Thorax. 1967;22(5):444\u2013452."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b15","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"810","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"174","author":"Raghu\n G,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Raghu\n G, \n \n Weycker\n D, \n \n Edelsberg\n J, \n \n Bradford\n WZ, \n \n Oster\n G\n \n . Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(7):810\u2013816."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b16","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"129","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a population-based study","volume":"137","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez Perez\n ER,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez Perez\n ER, \n \n Daniels\n CE, \n \n Schroeder\n DR\n , et al. \n Incidence, prevalence, and clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a population-based study. Chest. 2009;137(1):129\u2013137."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b17","series-title":"Respiration","first-page":"601","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to respiratory diseases: infiltrative lung diseases","volume":"74","author":"Steele\n MP,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Steele\n MP, \n \n Brown\n KK\n \n . Genetic predisposition to respiratory diseases: infiltrative lung diseases. Respiration. 2007;74(6):601\u2013608."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b18","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"663","article-title":"Chronic familial lung disease","volume":"95","author":"Stemmermann\n GN","year":"1967","unstructured":"Stemmermann\n GN\n \n . Chronic familial lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1967;95(4):663\u2013669."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b19","series-title":"Dis Chest","first-page":"7","article-title":"Familial Hamman-Rich syndrome: report of eight cases","volume":"55","author":"Swaye\n P,","year":"1969","unstructured":"Swaye\n P, \n \n Van Ordstrand\n HS, \n \n McCormack\n LJ, \n \n Wolpaw\n SE\n \n . Familial Hamman-Rich syndrome: report of eight cases. Dis Chest. 1969;55(1):7\u201312."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b20","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"193","article-title":"Familial chronic interstitial pneumonia","volume":"108","author":"Solliday\n N,","year":"1973","unstructured":"Solliday\n N, \n \n Williams\n J, \n \n Gaensler\n E, \n \n Coutu\n RE, \n \n Carrington\n CB\n \n . Familial chronic interstitial pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1973;108(2);193\u2013204."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b21","series-title":"Ir J Med Sci","first-page":"204","article-title":"Familial fibrosing alveolitis","volume":"150","author":"Murphy\n A,","year":"1981","unstructured":"Murphy\n A, \n \n O'Sullivan\n BJ\n \n . Familial fibrosing alveolitis. Ir J Med Sci. 1981;150(7):204\u2013209."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b22","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"143","article-title":"Adult familial cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in the United Kingdom","volume":"55","author":"Marshall\n RP,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marshall\n RP, \n \n Puddicombe\n A, \n \n Cookson\n WO, \n \n Laurent\n GJ\n \n . Adult familial cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in the United Kingdom. Thorax. 2000;55(2):143\u2013146."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b23","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"85","article-title":"Surfactant protein deficiency in familial interstitial lung disease","volume":"139","author":"Amin\n RS,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Amin\n RS, \n \n Wert\n SE, \n \n Baughman\n RP\n , et al. \n Surfactant protein deficiency in familial interstitial lung disease. J Pediatr. 2001;139(1):85\u201392."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b24","series-title":"Respir Med","first-page":"1734","article-title":"The distance-saturation product predicts mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"100","author":"Lettieri\n CJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lettieri\n CJ, \n \n Nathan\n SD, \n \n Browning\n RF, \n \n Barnett\n SD, \n \n Ahmad\n S, \n \n Shorr\n AF\n \n . The distance-saturation product predicts mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med. 2006;100(10):1734\u20131741."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b25","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1808","article-title":"Acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: analysis of clinical and pathologic findings in three cases","volume":"103","author":"Kondoh\n Y,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kondoh\n Y, \n \n Taniguchi\n H, \n \n Kawabata\n Y, \n \n Yokoi\n T, \n \n Suzuki\n K, \n \n Takagi\n K\n \n . Acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: analysis of clinical and pathologic findings in three cases. Chest. 1993;103(6):1808\u20131812."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b26","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"636","article-title":"Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"176","author":"Collard\n HR,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Collard\n HR, \n \n Moore\n BB, \n \n Flaherty\n KR\n , et al. \n Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176(7):636\u2013643."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b27","series-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol","first-page":"L3","article-title":"Plasma biomarker profiles in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"299","author":"Collard\n HR,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Collard\n HR, \n \n Calfee\n CS, \n \n Wolters\n PJ\n , et al. \n Plasma biomarker profiles in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2010;299(1):L3\u2013L7."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b28","series-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis","first-page":"103","article-title":"Risk factors of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Kondoh\n Y,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kondoh\n Y, \n \n Taniguchi\n H, \n \n Katsuta\n T\n , et al. \n Risk factors of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2010;27(2):103\u2013110."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b29","series-title":"Respiration","article-title":"Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: outcome and prognostic factors [published online ahead of print August 12, 2011]","author":"Simon-Blancal\n V,","unstructured":"Simon-Blancal\n V, \n \n Freynet\n O, \n \n Nunes\n H\n , et al. \n Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: outcome and prognostic factors [published online ahead of print August 12, 2011]. Respiration. doi:10.1159\/000329891."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b30","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"1698","article-title":"Viral infection in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"183","author":"Wootton\n SC,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wootton\n SC, \n \n Kim\n DS, \n \n Kondoh\n Y\n , et al. \n Viral infection in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(12):1698\u20131702."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b31","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"226","article-title":"Progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from asymmetrical disease","volume":"66","author":"Tcherakian\n C,","unstructured":"Tcherakian\n C, \n \n Cottin\n V, \n \n Brillet\n PY\n , et al. \n Progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from asymmetrical disease. Thorax. 66(3):226\u2013231."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b32","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Radiologic findings are strongly associated with a pathologic diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia","volume":"124","author":"Hunninghake\n GW,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hunninghake\n GW, \n \n Lynch\n DA, \n \n Galvin\n JR\n , et al. \n Radiologic findings are strongly associated with a pathologic diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest. 2003;124(4):1215\u20131223."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b33","series-title":"Frontiers of Pulmonary Radiology Pathophysiologic, Roentgenographic and Radioisotopic Considerations","first-page":"109","article-title":"The interstitial pneumonias","author":"Liebow\n A,","year":"1969","unstructured":"Liebow\n A, \n \n Carrington\n C\n \n . The interstitial pneumonias. In: SimonM, PotchenE, LeMayM, eds. Frontiers of Pulmonary Radiology Pathophysiologic, Roentgenographic and Radioisotopic Considerations. Orlando, FL: Grune & Stratton; 1969:109\u2013142."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b34","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1168","article-title":"The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of new-onset idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung disease: a prospective study","volume":"116","author":"Raghu\n G,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Raghu\n G, \n \n Mageto\n YN, \n \n Lockhart\n D, \n \n Schmidt\n RA, \n \n Wood\n DE, \n \n Godwin\n JD\n \n . The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of new-onset idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung disease: a prospective study. Chest. 1999;116(5):1168\u20131174."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b35","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"277","article-title":"ATS\/ERS joint statement adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001 [erratum in Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(3:426)]","volume":"165","author":"Travis\n W,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Travis\n W, \n \n King\n T, \n \n Bateman\n E\n , et al; for American Thoracic Society\/European International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. ATS\/ERS joint statement adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001 [erratum in Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(3:426)]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165(2):277\u2013304."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b36","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Usual interstitial pneumonia: histologic study of biopsy and explant specimens","volume":"26","author":"Katzenstein\n AL,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Katzenstein\n AL, \n \n Zisman\n DA, \n \n Litzky\n LA, \n \n Nguyen\n BT, \n \n Kotloff\n RM\n \n . Usual interstitial pneumonia: histologic study of biopsy and explant specimens. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(12):1567\u20131577."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b37","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"23","article-title":"Pathologic and radiologic differences between idiopathic and collagen vascular disease-related usual interstitial pneumonia","volume":"136","author":"Song\n JW,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Song\n JW, \n \n Do\n KH, \n \n Kim\n MY, \n \n Jang\n SJ, \n \n Colby\n TV, \n \n Kim\n DS\n \n . Pathologic and radiologic differences between idiopathic and collagen vascular disease-related usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest. 2009;136(1):23\u201330."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b38","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1765","article-title":"Pathologic patterns and survival in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis","volume":"33","author":"Churg\n A,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Churg\n A, \n \n Sin\n DD, \n \n Everett\n D, \n \n Brown\n K, \n \n Cool\n C\n \n . Pathologic patterns and survival in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(12):1765\u20131770."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b39","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"654","article-title":"Fibroblast foci are not discrete sites of lung injury or repair: the fibroblast reticulum","volume":"174","author":"Cool\n CD,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cool\n CD, \n \n Groshong\n SD, \n \n Rai\n PR, \n \n Henson\n PM, \n \n Stewart\n JS, \n \n Brown\n KK\n \n . Fibroblast foci are not discrete sites of lung injury or repair: the fibroblast reticulum. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(6):654\u2013658."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b40","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Lung tissue mechanics as an emergent phenomenon","volume":"110","author":"Suki\n B,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suki\n B, \n \n Bates\n JH\n \n . Lung tissue mechanics as an emergent phenomenon. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110(4):1111\u20131118."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b41","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"99","article-title":"Recent advances and new opportunities in lung mechanobiology","volume":"43","author":"Tschumperlin\n DJ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tschumperlin\n DJ, \n \n Boudreault\n F, \n \n Liu\n F\n \n . Recent advances and new opportunities in lung mechanobiology. J Biomech. 2009;43(1):99\u2013107."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b42","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1309","article-title":"Epithelial necrosis and alveolar collapse in the pathogenesis of usual interstitial pneumonia","volume":"94","author":"Myers\n JL,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Myers\n JL, \n \n Katzenstein\n AL\n \n . Epithelial necrosis and alveolar collapse in the pathogenesis of usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest. 1988;94(6):1309\u20131311."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b43","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"692","article-title":"Collaborative radiologic and histopathologic assessment of fibrotic lung disease","volume":"255","author":"Galvin\n JR,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galvin\n JR, \n \n Frazier\n AA, \n \n Franks\n TJ\n \n . Collaborative radiologic and histopathologic assessment of fibrotic lung disease. Radiology. 2010;255(3):692\u2013706."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b44","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"60","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular lesions in end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: histopathologic study on lung explant specimens and correlations with pulmonary hemodynamics","volume":"38","author":"Colombat\n M,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Colombat\n M, \n \n Mal\n H, \n \n Groussard\n O\n , et al. \n Pulmonary vascular lesions in end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: histopathologic study on lung explant specimens and correlations with pulmonary hemodynamics. Hum Pathol. 2007;38(1):60\u201365."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b45","series-title":"Respiration","first-page":"294","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a review","volume":"82","author":"Pitsiou\n G,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pitsiou\n G, \n \n Papakosta\n D, \n \n Bouros\n D\n \n . Pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Respiration. 2011;82(3):294\u2013304."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b46","series-title":"Lung","first-page":"293","article-title":"Changes in phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with interstitial lung diseases","volume":"166","author":"Honda\n Y,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Honda\n Y, \n \n Tsunematsu\n K, \n \n Suzuki\n A, \n \n Akino\n T\n \n . Changes in phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with interstitial lung diseases. Lung. 1988;166(5):293\u2013301."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b47","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"585","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Abnormalities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid phospholipids","volume":"137","author":"Robinson\n PC,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Robinson\n PC, \n \n Watters\n LC, \n \n King\n TE, \n \n Mason\n RJ\n \n . Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Abnormalities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid phospholipids. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;137(3):585\u2013591."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b48","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"160","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: abnormalities in the bronchoalveolar lavage content of surfactant protein A","volume":"144","author":"McCormack\n FX,","year":"1991","unstructured":"McCormack\n FX, \n \n King\n TE\n Jr., \n \n Voelker\n DR, \n \n Robinson\n PC, \n \n Mason\n RJ\n \n . Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: abnormalities in the bronchoalveolar lavage content of surfactant protein A. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991;144(1):160\u2013166."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b49","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"723","article-title":"Elevated levels of lung surfactant protein A in sera from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis","volume":"147","author":"Kuroki\n Y,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kuroki\n Y, \n \n Tsutahara\n S, \n \n Shijubo\n N\n , et al. \n Elevated levels of lung surfactant protein A in sera from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;147(3):723\u2013729."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b50","series-title":"Electrophoresis","first-page":"242","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteins in human lung disease: analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis","volume":"14","author":"Lenz\n AG,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lenz\n AG, \n \n Meyer\n B, \n \n Costabel\n U, \n \n Maier\n K\n \n . Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteins in human lung disease: analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. 1993;14(3):242\u2013244."},{"issue":"6, pt 1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b51","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"1860","article-title":"Pulmonary surfactant protein D in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids","volume":"152","author":"Honda\n Y,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Honda\n Y, \n \n Kuroki\n Y, \n \n Matsuura\n E\n , et al. \n Pulmonary surfactant protein D in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(6, pt 1):1860\u20131866."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b52","series-title":"Respiration","first-page":"64","article-title":"Aberrant appearance of lung surfactant protein A in sera of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its clinical significance","volume":"62","author":"Honda\n Y,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Honda\n Y, \n \n Kuroki\n Y, \n \n Shijubo\n N\n , et al. \n Aberrant appearance of lung surfactant protein A in sera of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its clinical significance. Respiration. 1995;62(2):64\u201369."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b53","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"751","article-title":"Surfactant protein A predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"152","author":"McCormack\n FX,","year":"1995","unstructured":"McCormack\n FX, \n \n King\n TE, Jr., \n \n Bucher\n BL, \n \n Nielsen\n L, \n \n Mason\n RJ, \n \n McCormac\n FX\n \n . Surfactant protein A predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(2):751\u2013759."},{"issue":"3, pt 1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b54","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"825","article-title":"Surfactant protein A predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [comment on Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(2):751\u2013759]","volume":"154","author":"McFadden\n RG","year":"1996","unstructured":"McFadden\n RG\n \n . Surfactant protein A predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [comment on Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(2):751\u2013759]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154(3, pt 1):825\u2013856."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b55","series-title":"Eur Respir J","first-page":"565","article-title":"Surfactant abnormalities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis","volume":"14","author":"Gunther\n A,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gunther\n A, \n \n Schmidt\n R, \n \n Nix\n F\n , et al. \n Surfactant abnormalities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 1999;14(3):565\u2013573."},{"issue":"3, pt 1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b56","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Serum surfactant proteins A and D as prognostic factors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and their relationship to disease extent","volume":"162","author":"Takahashi\n H,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takahashi\n H, \n \n Fujishima\n T, \n \n Koba\n H\n , et al. \n Serum surfactant proteins A and D as prognostic factors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and their relationship to disease extent. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162(3, pt 1):1109\u20131114."},{"issue":"13","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b57","series-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol","first-page":"244","article-title":"The biophysical function of pulmonary surfactant","volume":"163","author":"Rugonyi\n S,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rugonyi\n S, \n \n Biswas\n SC, \n \n Hall\n SB\n \n . The biophysical function of pulmonary surfactant. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2008;163(13):244\u2013255."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b58","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","first-page":"517","article-title":"Surface properties in relation to atelectasis and hyaline membrane disease","volume":"97","author":"Avery\n M,","year":"1959","unstructured":"Avery\n M, \n \n Mead\n J\n \n . Surface properties in relation to atelectasis and hyaline membrane disease. Am J Dis Child1959;97:517\u2013523."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b59","series-title":"Annu Rev Med","first-page":"105","article-title":"Alveolar surfactant homeostasis and the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease","volume":"61","author":"Whitsett\n JA,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Whitsett\n JA, \n \n Wert\n SE, \n \n Weaver\n TE\n \n . Alveolar surfactant homeostasis and the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61;105\u2013119."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b60","series-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol","first-page":"253","article-title":"Genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Wert\n SE,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wert\n SE, \n \n Whitsett\n JA, \n \n Nogee\n LM\n \n . Genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2009;12(4):253\u2013274."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b61","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"242","article-title":"Pigment epithelium-derived factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a role in aberrant angiogenesis","volume":"170","author":"Cosgrove\n GP,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cosgrove\n GP, \n \n Brown\n KK, \n \n Schiemann\n WP\n , et al. \n Pigment epithelium-derived factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a role in aberrant angiogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170(3):242\u2013251."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b62","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"1804","article-title":"Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"158","author":"Tobin\n RW,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tobin\n RW, \n \n Pope\n CE II, \n \n Pellegrini\n CA, \n \n Emond\n MJ, \n \n Sillery\n J, \n \n Raghu\n G\n \n . Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158(6):1804\u20131808."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b63","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux therapy is associated with longer survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [published online ahead of print June 23, 2011]","author":"Lee\n JS,","unstructured":"Lee\n JS, \n \n Ryu\n JH, \n \n Elicker\n BM\n , et al. \n Gastroesophageal reflux therapy is associated with longer survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [published online ahead of print June 23, 2011]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. doi:10.1164\/rccm.201101-0138OC."},{"issue":"112","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b64","series-title":"Eur Respir Rev","first-page":"129","article-title":"Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as the initial presentation of the disease","volume":"18","author":"Sakamoto\n K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sakamoto\n K, \n \n Taniguchi\n H, \n \n Kondoh\n Y, \n \n Ono\n K, \n \n Hasegawa\n Y, \n \n Kitaichi\n M\n \n . Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as the initial presentation of the disease. Eur Respir Rev. 2009;18(112):129\u2013132."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b01","series-title":"Eur Respir J","first-page":"163","article-title":"International consensus statement on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Costabel\n U,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Costabel\n U, \n \n King\n TE\n \n . International consensus statement on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2001;17(2):163\u2013167."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b02","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"788","article-title":"An official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management","volume":"183","author":"Raghu\n G,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raghu\n G, \n \n Collard\n HR, \n \n Egan\n JJ\n , et al; for ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT Committee on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(6):788\u2013824."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b03","series-title":"Respirology","first-page":"19","article-title":"Current clinical trials for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Klingsberg\n RC,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Klingsberg\n RC, \n \n Mutsaers\n SE, \n \n Lasky\n JA\n \n . Current clinical trials for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respirology. 2010;15(1):19\u201331."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b04","series-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol","first-page":"340","article-title":"Lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Nannini\n C,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nannini\n C, \n \n Ryu\n JH, \n \n Matteson\n EL\n \n . Lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008;20(3):340\u2013346."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b05","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"236","article-title":"Future research directions in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: summary of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group","volume":"166","author":"Crystal\n RG,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crystal\n RG, \n \n Bitterman\n PB, \n \n Mossman\n B\n , et al. \n Future research directions in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: summary of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(2):236\u2013246."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b06","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","first-page":"213","article-title":"Antifibrotic therapy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"322","author":"Lasky\n JA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lasky\n JA, \n \n Ortiz\n LA\n \n . Antifibrotic therapy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Med Sci. 2001;322(4):213\u2013221."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b07","series-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis","first-page":"7","article-title":"Epithelial stem cell exhaustion in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Chilosi\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chilosi\n M, \n \n Doglioni\n C, \n \n Murer\n B, \n \n Poletti\n V\n \n . Epithelial stem cell exhaustion in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2010;27(1):7\u201318."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b08","series-title":"Drugs","first-page":"981","article-title":"New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"71","author":"Ding\n Q,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ding\n Q, \n \n Luckhardt\n T, \n \n Hecker\n L\n , et al. \n New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Drugs. 2011;71(8):981\u20131001."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b09","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"254","article-title":"Targeted injury of type II alveolar epithelial cells induces pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"181","author":"Sisson\n TH,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sisson\n TH, \n \n Mendez\n M, \n \n Choi\n K\n , et al. \n Targeted injury of type II alveolar epithelial cells induces pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;181(3):254\u2013263."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b10","series-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc","first-page":"364","article-title":"Role of epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from innocent targets to serial killers","volume":"3","author":"Selman\n M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Selman\n M, \n \n Pardo\n A\n \n . Role of epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from innocent targets to serial killers. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006;3(4):364\u2013372."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b11","series-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc","first-page":"350","article-title":"Evolving concepts of apoptosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Thannickal\n VJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thannickal\n VJ, \n \n Horowitz\n JC\n \n . Evolving concepts of apoptosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006;3(4):350\u2013356."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b12","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"729","article-title":"Telomere shortening in familial and sporadic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"178","author":"Cronkhite\n JT,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cronkhite\n JT, \n \n Xing\n C, \n \n Raghu\n G\n , et al. \n Telomere shortening in familial and sporadic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178(7):729\u2013737."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b13","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"1177","article-title":"The pathology of honeycomb lung","author":"Heppleston\n A","year":"1956","unstructured":"Heppleston\n A\n \n . The pathology of honeycomb lung. Thorax. 1956;1177\u20131193."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b14","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"444","article-title":"Tridimensional photographic reconstruction in a study of the pathogenesis of honeycomb lung","volume":"22","author":"Pimentel\n J","year":"1967","unstructured":"Pimentel\n J\n \n . Tridimensional photographic reconstruction in a study of the pathogenesis of honeycomb lung. Thorax. 1967;22(5):444\u2013452."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b15","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"810","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"174","author":"Raghu\n G,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Raghu\n G, \n \n Weycker\n D, \n \n Edelsberg\n J, \n \n Bradford\n WZ, \n \n Oster\n G\n \n . Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(7):810\u2013816."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b16","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"129","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a population-based study","volume":"137","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez Perez\n ER,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez Perez\n ER, \n \n Daniels\n CE, \n \n Schroeder\n DR\n , et al. \n Incidence, prevalence, and clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a population-based study. Chest. 2009;137(1):129\u2013137."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b17","series-title":"Respiration","first-page":"601","article-title":"Genetic predisposition to respiratory diseases: infiltrative lung diseases","volume":"74","author":"Steele\n MP,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Steele\n MP, \n \n Brown\n KK\n \n . Genetic predisposition to respiratory diseases: infiltrative lung diseases. Respiration. 2007;74(6):601\u2013608."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b18","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"663","article-title":"Chronic familial lung disease","volume":"95","author":"Stemmermann\n GN","year":"1967","unstructured":"Stemmermann\n GN\n \n . Chronic familial lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1967;95(4):663\u2013669."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b19","series-title":"Dis Chest","first-page":"7","article-title":"Familial Hamman-Rich syndrome: report of eight cases","volume":"55","author":"Swaye\n P,","year":"1969","unstructured":"Swaye\n P, \n \n Van Ordstrand\n HS, \n \n McCormack\n LJ, \n \n Wolpaw\n SE\n \n . Familial Hamman-Rich syndrome: report of eight cases. Dis Chest. 1969;55(1):7\u201312."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b20","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"193","article-title":"Familial chronic interstitial pneumonia","volume":"108","author":"Solliday\n N,","year":"1973","unstructured":"Solliday\n N, \n \n Williams\n J, \n \n Gaensler\n E, \n \n Coutu\n RE, \n \n Carrington\n CB\n \n . Familial chronic interstitial pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1973;108(2);193\u2013204."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b21","series-title":"Ir J Med Sci","first-page":"204","article-title":"Familial fibrosing alveolitis","volume":"150","author":"Murphy\n A,","year":"1981","unstructured":"Murphy\n A, \n \n O'Sullivan\n BJ\n \n . Familial fibrosing alveolitis. Ir J Med Sci. 1981;150(7):204\u2013209."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b22","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"143","article-title":"Adult familial cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in the United Kingdom","volume":"55","author":"Marshall\n RP,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marshall\n RP, \n \n Puddicombe\n A, \n \n Cookson\n WO, \n \n Laurent\n GJ\n \n . Adult familial cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in the United Kingdom. Thorax. 2000;55(2):143\u2013146."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b23","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"85","article-title":"Surfactant protein deficiency in familial interstitial lung disease","volume":"139","author":"Amin\n RS,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Amin\n RS, \n \n Wert\n SE, \n \n Baughman\n RP\n , et al. \n Surfactant protein deficiency in familial interstitial lung disease. J Pediatr. 2001;139(1):85\u201392."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b24","series-title":"Respir Med","first-page":"1734","article-title":"The distance-saturation product predicts mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"100","author":"Lettieri\n CJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lettieri\n CJ, \n \n Nathan\n SD, \n \n Browning\n RF, \n \n Barnett\n SD, \n \n Ahmad\n S, \n \n Shorr\n AF\n \n . The distance-saturation product predicts mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med. 2006;100(10):1734\u20131741."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b25","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1808","article-title":"Acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: analysis of clinical and pathologic findings in three cases","volume":"103","author":"Kondoh\n Y,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kondoh\n Y, \n \n Taniguchi\n H, \n \n Kawabata\n Y, \n \n Yokoi\n T, \n \n Suzuki\n K, \n \n Takagi\n K\n \n . Acute exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: analysis of clinical and pathologic findings in three cases. Chest. 1993;103(6):1808\u20131812."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b26","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"636","article-title":"Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"176","author":"Collard\n HR,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Collard\n HR, \n \n Moore\n BB, \n \n Flaherty\n KR\n , et al. \n Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176(7):636\u2013643."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b27","series-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol","first-page":"L3","article-title":"Plasma biomarker profiles in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"299","author":"Collard\n HR,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Collard\n HR, \n \n Calfee\n CS, \n \n Wolters\n PJ\n , et al. \n Plasma biomarker profiles in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2010;299(1):L3\u2013L7."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b28","series-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis","first-page":"103","article-title":"Risk factors of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Kondoh\n Y,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kondoh\n Y, \n \n Taniguchi\n H, \n \n Katsuta\n T\n , et al. \n Risk factors of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2010;27(2):103\u2013110."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b29","series-title":"Respiration","article-title":"Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: outcome and prognostic factors [published online ahead of print August 12, 2011]","author":"Simon-Blancal\n V,","unstructured":"Simon-Blancal\n V, \n \n Freynet\n O, \n \n Nunes\n H\n , et al. \n Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: outcome and prognostic factors [published online ahead of print August 12, 2011]. Respiration. doi:10.1159\/000329891."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b30","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"1698","article-title":"Viral infection in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"183","author":"Wootton\n SC,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wootton\n SC, \n \n Kim\n DS, \n \n Kondoh\n Y\n , et al. \n Viral infection in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(12):1698\u20131702."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b31","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"226","article-title":"Progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from asymmetrical disease","volume":"66","author":"Tcherakian\n C,","unstructured":"Tcherakian\n C, \n \n Cottin\n V, \n \n Brillet\n PY\n , et al. \n Progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from asymmetrical disease. Thorax. 66(3):226\u2013231."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b32","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Radiologic findings are strongly associated with a pathologic diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia","volume":"124","author":"Hunninghake\n GW,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hunninghake\n GW, \n \n Lynch\n DA, \n \n Galvin\n JR\n , et al. \n Radiologic findings are strongly associated with a pathologic diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest. 2003;124(4):1215\u20131223."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b33","series-title":"Frontiers of Pulmonary Radiology Pathophysiologic, Roentgenographic and Radioisotopic Considerations","first-page":"109","article-title":"The interstitial pneumonias","author":"Liebow\n A,","year":"1969","unstructured":"Liebow\n A, \n \n Carrington\n C\n \n . The interstitial pneumonias. In: SimonM, PotchenE, LeMayM, eds. Frontiers of Pulmonary Radiology Pathophysiologic, Roentgenographic and Radioisotopic Considerations. Orlando, FL: Grune & Stratton; 1969:109\u2013142."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b34","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1168","article-title":"The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of new-onset idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung disease: a prospective study","volume":"116","author":"Raghu\n G,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Raghu\n G, \n \n Mageto\n YN, \n \n Lockhart\n D, \n \n Schmidt\n RA, \n \n Wood\n DE, \n \n Godwin\n JD\n \n . The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of new-onset idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung disease: a prospective study. Chest. 1999;116(5):1168\u20131174."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b35","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"277","article-title":"ATS\/ERS joint statement adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001 [erratum in Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(3:426)]","volume":"165","author":"Travis\n W,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Travis\n W, \n \n King\n T, \n \n Bateman\n E\n , et al; for American Thoracic Society\/European International Multidisciplinary Consensus Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. ATS\/ERS joint statement adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001 [erratum in Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(3:426)]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165(2):277\u2013304."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b36","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Usual interstitial pneumonia: histologic study of biopsy and explant specimens","volume":"26","author":"Katzenstein\n AL,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Katzenstein\n AL, \n \n Zisman\n DA, \n \n Litzky\n LA, \n \n Nguyen\n BT, \n \n Kotloff\n RM\n \n . Usual interstitial pneumonia: histologic study of biopsy and explant specimens. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(12):1567\u20131577."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b37","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"23","article-title":"Pathologic and radiologic differences between idiopathic and collagen vascular disease-related usual interstitial pneumonia","volume":"136","author":"Song\n JW,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Song\n JW, \n \n Do\n KH, \n \n Kim\n MY, \n \n Jang\n SJ, \n \n Colby\n TV, \n \n Kim\n DS\n \n . Pathologic and radiologic differences between idiopathic and collagen vascular disease-related usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest. 2009;136(1):23\u201330."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b38","series-title":"Am J Surg Pathol","first-page":"1765","article-title":"Pathologic patterns and survival in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis","volume":"33","author":"Churg\n A,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Churg\n A, \n \n Sin\n DD, \n \n Everett\n D, \n \n Brown\n K, \n \n Cool\n C\n \n . Pathologic patterns and survival in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(12):1765\u20131770."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b39","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"654","article-title":"Fibroblast foci are not discrete sites of lung injury or repair: the fibroblast reticulum","volume":"174","author":"Cool\n CD,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cool\n CD, \n \n Groshong\n SD, \n \n Rai\n PR, \n \n Henson\n PM, \n \n Stewart\n JS, \n \n Brown\n KK\n \n . Fibroblast foci are not discrete sites of lung injury or repair: the fibroblast reticulum. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(6):654\u2013658."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b40","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Lung tissue mechanics as an emergent phenomenon","volume":"110","author":"Suki\n B,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suki\n B, \n \n Bates\n JH\n \n . Lung tissue mechanics as an emergent phenomenon. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110(4):1111\u20131118."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b41","series-title":"J Biomech","first-page":"99","article-title":"Recent advances and new opportunities in lung mechanobiology","volume":"43","author":"Tschumperlin\n DJ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tschumperlin\n DJ, \n \n Boudreault\n F, \n \n Liu\n F\n \n . Recent advances and new opportunities in lung mechanobiology. J Biomech. 2009;43(1):99\u2013107."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b42","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1309","article-title":"Epithelial necrosis and alveolar collapse in the pathogenesis of usual interstitial pneumonia","volume":"94","author":"Myers\n JL,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Myers\n JL, \n \n Katzenstein\n AL\n \n . Epithelial necrosis and alveolar collapse in the pathogenesis of usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest. 1988;94(6):1309\u20131311."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b43","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"692","article-title":"Collaborative radiologic and histopathologic assessment of fibrotic lung disease","volume":"255","author":"Galvin\n JR,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galvin\n JR, \n \n Frazier\n AA, \n \n Franks\n TJ\n \n . Collaborative radiologic and histopathologic assessment of fibrotic lung disease. Radiology. 2010;255(3):692\u2013706."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b44","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"60","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular lesions in end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: histopathologic study on lung explant specimens and correlations with pulmonary hemodynamics","volume":"38","author":"Colombat\n M,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Colombat\n M, \n \n Mal\n H, \n \n Groussard\n O\n , et al. \n Pulmonary vascular lesions in end-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: histopathologic study on lung explant specimens and correlations with pulmonary hemodynamics. Hum Pathol. 2007;38(1):60\u201365."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b45","series-title":"Respiration","first-page":"294","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a review","volume":"82","author":"Pitsiou\n G,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pitsiou\n G, \n \n Papakosta\n D, \n \n Bouros\n D\n \n . Pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Respiration. 2011;82(3):294\u2013304."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b46","series-title":"Lung","first-page":"293","article-title":"Changes in phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with interstitial lung diseases","volume":"166","author":"Honda\n Y,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Honda\n Y, \n \n Tsunematsu\n K, \n \n Suzuki\n A, \n \n Akino\n T\n \n . Changes in phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with interstitial lung diseases. Lung. 1988;166(5):293\u2013301."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b47","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"585","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Abnormalities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid phospholipids","volume":"137","author":"Robinson\n PC,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Robinson\n PC, \n \n Watters\n LC, \n \n King\n TE, \n \n Mason\n RJ\n \n . Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Abnormalities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid phospholipids. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988;137(3):585\u2013591."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b48","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"160","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: abnormalities in the bronchoalveolar lavage content of surfactant protein A","volume":"144","author":"McCormack\n FX,","year":"1991","unstructured":"McCormack\n FX, \n \n King\n TE\n Jr., \n \n Voelker\n DR, \n \n Robinson\n PC, \n \n Mason\n RJ\n \n . Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: abnormalities in the bronchoalveolar lavage content of surfactant protein A. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991;144(1):160\u2013166."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b49","series-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis","first-page":"723","article-title":"Elevated levels of lung surfactant protein A in sera from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis","volume":"147","author":"Kuroki\n Y,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kuroki\n Y, \n \n Tsutahara\n S, \n \n Shijubo\n N\n , et al. \n Elevated levels of lung surfactant protein A in sera from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;147(3):723\u2013729."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b50","series-title":"Electrophoresis","first-page":"242","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteins in human lung disease: analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis","volume":"14","author":"Lenz\n AG,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lenz\n AG, \n \n Meyer\n B, \n \n Costabel\n U, \n \n Maier\n K\n \n . Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteins in human lung disease: analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. 1993;14(3):242\u2013244."},{"issue":"6, pt 1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b51","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"1860","article-title":"Pulmonary surfactant protein D in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids","volume":"152","author":"Honda\n Y,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Honda\n Y, \n \n Kuroki\n Y, \n \n Matsuura\n E\n , et al. \n Pulmonary surfactant protein D in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(6, pt 1):1860\u20131866."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b52","series-title":"Respiration","first-page":"64","article-title":"Aberrant appearance of lung surfactant protein A in sera of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its clinical significance","volume":"62","author":"Honda\n Y,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Honda\n Y, \n \n Kuroki\n Y, \n \n Shijubo\n N\n , et al. \n Aberrant appearance of lung surfactant protein A in sera of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its clinical significance. Respiration. 1995;62(2):64\u201369."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b53","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"751","article-title":"Surfactant protein A predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"152","author":"McCormack\n FX,","year":"1995","unstructured":"McCormack\n FX, \n \n King\n TE, Jr., \n \n Bucher\n BL, \n \n Nielsen\n L, \n \n Mason\n RJ, \n \n McCormac\n FX\n \n . Surfactant protein A predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(2):751\u2013759."},{"issue":"3, pt 1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b54","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"825","article-title":"Surfactant protein A predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [comment on Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(2):751\u2013759]","volume":"154","author":"McFadden\n RG","year":"1996","unstructured":"McFadden\n RG\n \n . Surfactant protein A predicts survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [comment on Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(2):751\u2013759]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154(3, pt 1):825\u2013856."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b55","series-title":"Eur Respir J","first-page":"565","article-title":"Surfactant abnormalities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis","volume":"14","author":"Gunther\n A,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gunther\n A, \n \n Schmidt\n R, \n \n Nix\n F\n , et al. \n Surfactant abnormalities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J. 1999;14(3):565\u2013573."},{"issue":"3, pt 1","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b56","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Serum surfactant proteins A and D as prognostic factors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and their relationship to disease extent","volume":"162","author":"Takahashi\n H,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takahashi\n H, \n \n Fujishima\n T, \n \n Koba\n H\n , et al. \n Serum surfactant proteins A and D as prognostic factors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and their relationship to disease extent. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162(3, pt 1):1109\u20131114."},{"issue":"13","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b57","series-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol","first-page":"244","article-title":"The biophysical function of pulmonary surfactant","volume":"163","author":"Rugonyi\n S,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rugonyi\n S, \n \n Biswas\n SC, \n \n Hall\n SB\n \n . The biophysical function of pulmonary surfactant. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2008;163(13):244\u2013255."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b58","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","first-page":"517","article-title":"Surface properties in relation to atelectasis and hyaline membrane disease","volume":"97","author":"Avery\n M,","year":"1959","unstructured":"Avery\n M, \n \n Mead\n J\n \n . Surface properties in relation to atelectasis and hyaline membrane disease. Am J Dis Child1959;97:517\u2013523."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b59","series-title":"Annu Rev Med","first-page":"105","article-title":"Alveolar surfactant homeostasis and the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease","volume":"61","author":"Whitsett\n JA,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Whitsett\n JA, \n \n Wert\n SE, \n \n Weaver\n TE\n \n . Alveolar surfactant homeostasis and the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61;105\u2013119."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b60","series-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol","first-page":"253","article-title":"Genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Wert\n SE,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wert\n SE, \n \n Whitsett\n JA, \n \n Nogee\n LM\n \n . Genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2009;12(4):253\u2013274."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b61","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"242","article-title":"Pigment epithelium-derived factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a role in aberrant angiogenesis","volume":"170","author":"Cosgrove\n GP,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cosgrove\n GP, \n \n Brown\n KK, \n \n Schiemann\n WP\n , et al. \n Pigment epithelium-derived factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a role in aberrant angiogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170(3):242\u2013251."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b62","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"1804","article-title":"Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"158","author":"Tobin\n RW,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tobin\n RW, \n \n Pope\n CE II, \n \n Pellegrini\n CA, \n \n Emond\n MJ, \n \n Sillery\n J, \n \n Raghu\n G\n \n . Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158(6):1804\u20131808."},{"key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b63","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux therapy is associated with longer survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [published online ahead of print June 23, 2011]","author":"Lee\n JS,","unstructured":"Lee\n JS, \n \n Ryu\n JH, \n \n Elicker\n BM\n , et al. \n Gastroesophageal reflux therapy is associated with longer survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [published online ahead of print June 23, 2011]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. doi:10.1164\/rccm.201101-0138OC."},{"issue":"112","key":"i1543-2165-136-6-591-b64","series-title":"Eur Respir Rev","first-page":"129","article-title":"Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as the initial presentation of the disease","volume":"18","author":"Sakamoto\n K,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sakamoto\n K, \n \n Taniguchi\n H, \n \n Kondoh\n Y, \n \n Ono\n K, \n \n Hasegawa\n Y, \n \n Kitaichi\n M\n \n . Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as the initial presentation of the disease. Eur Respir Rev. 2009;18(112):129\u2013132."}],"container-title":["Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/arpa\/136\/6\/article-p591.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/aplm\/article-pdf\/136\/6\/591\/1440914\/arpa_2011-0511-oa.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/arpa\/136\/6\/article-p591.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/arpa\/136\/6\/article-p591.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T01:13:52Z","timestamp":1770772432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aplm.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/arpa\/136\/6\/article-p591.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":128,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/arpa.2011-0511-oa","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718489791.793497175","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0003-9985","1543-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-9985","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}